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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2021-13-2-126-170</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-105</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Популизм в политической культуре Турции: внешнеполитическое измерение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Populism in the political culture of Turkey: The foreign policy dimension</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шлыков</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlykov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шлыков Павел Вячеславович — кандидат исторических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры истории стран Ближнего и Среднего Востока Института стран Азии и Африки МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, старший научный сотрудник отдела Азии и Африки ИНИОН РАН, участник научного коллектива проекта «Многофакторный анализ “азиатского поворота” в российской внешней политике (достижения, проблемы, перспективы)» МГИМО МИД РФ</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Shlykov — PhD (History), Associate Professor of the Middle East History Department, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Senior Research Fellow, Department of Asia and Africa, Institute of Scientiﬁc Information for Social Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences; Non-Resident Scholar in Research Project ‘Multifactor analysis of the ‘Turn to the East’ in Russian foreign policy (achievements, problems, and prospects)’ MGIMO University</p><p>1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shlykov@iaas.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>170</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шлыков П.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шлыков П.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shlykov P.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/105">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/105</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются феномен популизма и его влияние на внешнюю политику Турции в трех измерениях: институциональном, практически-политическом и ценностно-идеологическом. Исследование построено на детальном изучении репрезентативной выборки партийных манифестов и публичных выступлений турецких политиков, в особенности речей Реджепа Эрдогана за период его пребывания на постах премьер-министра и президента. Показано, что укорененность популизма в политической культуре Турции наделила его идеологической гибкостью и сделала почти универсальным инструментом работы с электоратом. После перехода страны к многопартийности популизм оказался присущ большинству политических игроков. В свою очередь Р. Эрдоган не только продолжил, но и развил успех в использовании популистской риторики. Установлено, что содержательно популизм Р. Эрдогана существенно эволюционировал на фоне менявшейся внутренней и внешней конъюнктуры. В 2000-е годы в нем доминировали аморфные идеи консервативной демократии. На рубеже 2000–2010-х годов надежды на евроинтеграцию уступили место «цивилизационному экспансионизму», стержнем которого стал концепт исламской/османской цивилизации. Во второй половине 2010-х годов рельефнее проступили черты ультранационализма. В итоге популистская бинарная оппозиция «мы — они» выкристаллизовалась в модель глобального противостояния Турции, защитницы интересов мусульман, «враждебному» Западу. Такая риторика помогла Р. Эрдогану оправдать свое почти 20-летнее пребывание у власти и уйти от прямой ответственности за экономические неурядицы 2010-х годов. Популизм стал также инструментом монополизации внешней политики в руках турецкого лидера. Используя негативную риторику в отношении профессиональных дипломатов, за последние 10 лет он замкнул на себя весь внешнеполитический процесс. Как следствие, в институциональном плане экспансия популизма в сферу внешней политики привела к ее «доместикации» и «национализации», а в дискурсивном — выразилась в увлечении цивилизационизмом. Персонализация внутри- и внешнеполитического процессов в Турции привела к появлению феномена «эрдоганизации турецкой политики» – укрепления «персонального авторитаризма» Р. Эрдогана за счет сужения роли и влияния государственных институтов. При этом декларативное стремление Турции занять более независимое и автономное положение в системе международных отношений вылилось в стратегию развития преимущественно двустороннего формата взаимодействия с различными странами. В результате Турция, которая долгое время последовательно выступала за региональное сотрудничество и интеграцию, стала во многих аспектах регионально изолированным государством.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper analyses the phenomenon of populism and its impact on Turkish foreign policy in three dimensions: institutional, instrumental and ideological. The research scrutinizes a wide selection of party manifestos and public speeches of Turkish politicians with primarily focus on Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s statements during his incumbency as the prime-minister and the president. The embeddedness of populism in political culture of Turkey provided it with ideological ﬂexibility and made populism almost a universal instrument for engaging with electorate. Starting from Turkey’s transition to multiparty system the majority of political actors have resorted to populism in one or another way. Erdoğan has not only continued this tendency but mastered the populist rhetoric. The character and content of Erdoğan’s populism ﬂuctuated following the changing domestic and international environment. In the 2000s it was hinged on the loose concept of conservative democracy. At the turn of the 2000s and 2010s the dreams for the EU membership gave way to ideas of ‘civilizational expansionism’ which had the concept of Islamic/Ottoman civilization as its core. From the mid-2010s ultra nationalism has come to the forefront of the populist rhetoric. Eventually, the populist binary opposition of ‘us’ and ‘they’ took a deﬁnite shape of global confrontation between Turkey as a defender of Islam and the ‘adverse’ West. Populist rhetoric helped Erdoğan to justify his almost two-decades-long incumbency and evade direct responsibility for economic hardships of the 2010s. Populism has become an eﬀective instrument to monopolize the foreign policy in the hands of Erdoğan. Utilizing negative rhetoric against Turkish professional diplomats within the last decade Erdoğan has managed to cement his clout over the foreign-policy making. Institutionally the expansion of populism in the sphere of foreign policy led to its ‘domestication’ and ‘nationalization’ while its impact on the foreign policy discourse manifested itself in the spread of civilizationism. Making both domestic and foreign policy process more personalized Erdoğan has reinforced ‘personal authoritarianism’ at the expense of the state institutions. Thus their decline led to the ‘Erdoğanization of the Turkish politics’. The declarative pursuit of Turkey to get more independent and autonomous position in the international system resulted in the strategy of development with primarily focus on the bilateral relations with diﬀerent states. Consequently Turkey, previously known as a consistent advocate of regional cooperation and integration, in many respects has become a regionally isolated state.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политическая культура Турции</kwd><kwd>популизм</kwd><kwd>авторитаризм</kwd><kwd>демократия</kwd><kwd>внешняя политика Турции</kwd><kwd>«азиатский поворот»</kwd><kwd>российско-турецкие отношения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>political culture of Turkey</kwd><kwd>populism</kwd><kwd>authoritarianism</kwd><kwd>democracy</kwd><kwd>Turkish foreign policy</kwd><kwd>pivot to Asia</kwd><kwd>Turkey-EU</kwd><kwd>Turkey-US</kwd><kwd>Russia-Turkey relations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 19-18-00142).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research has been accomplished with a ﬁnancia support from the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 19-18-00142.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вайнштейн Г.И. 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