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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2021-13-3-12-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-109</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОТ КОЛИЧЕСТВА К КАЧЕСТВУ: СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ КИТАЯ  КАК ГЛОБАЛЬНОЙ ДЕРЖАВЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Советский фактор в военно-техническом сотрудничестве США и КНР в годы холодной войны</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Soviet Factor in the US-China Military-Technical Cooperation during the Cold War</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ли</surname><given-names>Инань</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Yinan</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры международной безопасности факультета мировой политики</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Candidate at the Chair of International Security, School of World Politics</p><p>1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liyinan92@qq.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ли И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ли И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Li Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/109">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/109</self-uri><abstract><p>В истории развития вооруженных сил КНР можно выделить три крупных этапа, когда модернизация Народно-освободительной армии Китая осуществлялась посредством активного внедрения зарубежных вооружений и технологий. И если первый (с 1949 по 1961 г.) и современный этапы (с 1992 г. по настоящее время) получили достаточно широкое освещение в китайской и западной научной литературе, то второй, с 1978 по 1989 г., когда КНР активно закупала вооружения и технологии в западных странах, находится несколько в тени. Данная статья призвана отчасти заполнить эту лакуну. Автор ставит перед собой задачу проанализировать логику развития военно-технического сотрудничества КНР и США, рассмотрев его в контексте сложного взаимодействия в стратегическом треугольнике США-КНР-СССР в последние годы холодной войны. В первом разделе статьи описаны ранние контакты КНР и США по вопросу сотрудничества в области безопасности — с момента визита Р. Никсона в Китай до вступления в должность президента Р. Рейгана. Показано, что в данный период Вашингтон прямо ставил американо-китайские отношения в зависимость от развития американо-советских, опасаясь повредить процессу разрядки. Во втором разделе рассмотрена эволюция политической линии администрации Р. Рейгана в его первый президентский срок по вопросам продажи вооружений Китаю на фоне нового витка холодной войны. Влияние советского фактора на развитие американо-китайского военно-технического сотрудничества в тот период проявилось особенно ярко. Автор показывает, что и для КНР, и для США это сотрудничество имело не только чисто прикладное, но в первую очередь политическое значение. В частности, взаимная заинтересованность в ослаблении глобальных позиций СССР позволила двум странам без особых потерь справиться с трениями, возникшими по проблеме продажи американского вооружения Тайваню. Впрочем, как показывает анализ динамики поставок вооружений Пекину, выполненный в третьем разделе, зависимость американо-китайских контактов от советского фактора имела и обратную сторону: как только СССР перестал восприниматься как серьезная угроза, исчез и главный стимул к развитию военно-технического сотрудничества КНР и США. В итоге после событий на площади Тяньаньмэнь оно было полностью свернуто. Таким образом, автор приходит к выводу, что состояние советско-американских отношений и поддержка политики Пекина по сдерживанию Москвы являются основными факторами, определявшими поставки Вашингтоном оружия Китаю. При этом сам факт продаж американских вооружений был важнее, чем военный эффект от них, т. е. политические мотивы превалировали непосредственно над военными вопросами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The development of the PRC’s armed forces included three phases when their modernization was carried out through an active introduction of foreign weapons and technologies. The first and the last of these phases (from 1949 to 1961, and from 1992 till present) received wide attention in both Chinese and Western academic literature, whereas the second one — from 1978 to 1989 —when the PRC actively purchased weapons and technologies from the Western countries remains somewhat understudied. This paper is intended to partially fill this gap. The author examines the logic of the military-technical cooperation between the PRC and the United States in the context of complex interactions within the United States — the USSR — China strategic triangle in the last years of the Cold War. The first section covers early contacts between the PRC and the United States in the security field — from the visit of R. Nixon to China till the inauguration of R. Reagan. The author shows that during this period Washington clearly subordinated the US-Chinese cooperation to the development of the US-Soviet relations out of fear to damage the fragile process of detente. The second section focuses on the evolution of the R. Reagan administration’s approaches regarding arms sales to China in the context of a new round of the Cold War. The Soviet factor significantly influenced the development of the US-Chinese military-technical cooperation during that period, which for both parties acquired not only practical, but, most importantly, political importance. It was their mutual desire to undermine strategic positions of the USSR that allowed these two countries to overcome successfully tensions over the US arms sales to Taiwan. However, this dependence of the US-China military-technical cooperation on the Soviet factor had its downside. As the third section shows, with the Soviet threat fading away, the main incentives for the military-technical cooperation between the PRC and the United States also disappeared. As a result, after the Tiananmen Square protests, this cooperation completely ceased. Thus, the author concludes that the US arms sales to China from the very beginning were conditioned by the dynamics of the Soviet-American relations and Beijing’s willingness to play an active role in the policy of containment. In that regard, the very fact of the US arms sales to China was more important than its practical effect, i.e. this cooperation was of political nature, rather than military one.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>КНР</kwd><kwd>СССР</kwd><kwd>холодная война</kwd><kwd>китайско-американские отношения</kwd><kwd>советско-американские отношения</kwd><kwd>разрядка</kwd><kwd>администрация Р. Рейгана</kwd><kwd>НОАК</kwd><kwd>Совет национальной безопасности США</kwd><kwd>военно-техническое сотрудничество</kwd><kwd>продажа оружия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the USA</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>the USSR</kwd><kwd>the Cold War</kwd><kwd>China-US relations</kwd><kwd>Soviet-American relations</kwd><kwd>detention</kwd><kwd>R. 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