<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2022-14-1-7-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-124</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВОЙ ПОРЯДОК В XXI ВЕКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD ORDER IN THE XXI CENTURY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы легитимности американской гегемонии: меняющаяся роль коалиций и партнерств</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legitimizing Factors of the American Hegemony: The Changing Role of Coalitions and Partnerships</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богданов Алексей Николаевич — кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры американских исследований</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7-9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey N. Bogdanov  — PhD (Political Science), Associate Professor at the American Studies Department </p><p>7-9 Universitetskaya emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">enlil82@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богданов А.Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богданов А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogdanov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/124">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/124</self-uri><abstract><p>С момента завершения холодной войны США стремятся сохранить и упрочить свое привилегированное положение лидера международного сообщества, способного мобилизовать и координировать действия государств, объединенных коллективными устремлениями и общими ценностями. На протяжении десятилетий для достижения этой цели Вашингтон использовал военные союзы и межправительственные организации, выступавшие в качестве посредников в отношениях США с менее могущественными государствами и обеспечивавшие тем самым легитимность американского влияния. Однако в последние годы обозначилась тенденция к переориентации Соединенных Штатов на более гибкие и менее институционализированные форматы взаимодействия, что может свидетельствовать о трансформации властных отношений, поддерживающих «либеральный международный порядок». В частности, хотя традиционные союзы в целом продолжают служить в качестве фундамента американской гегемонии, многие функции всё чаще осуществляются вне института альянсов, в то время как возрастающее значение приобретают менее формализованные структуры. В этих условиях возникает необходимость по-новому взглянуть на проблему взаимосвязи между соображениями легитимности и эволюцией институциональных механизмов, призванных обеспечить сохранение выгодного для США международного порядка. В статье рассмотрены подходы представителей российского и зарубежного академического сообщества к восприятию и оценке политики США по легитимации своего международного положения после окончания холодной войны. Автор отмечает, что в рамках существующих подходов уделяется недостаточно внимания динамике властных отношений между США и их партнерами и союзниками. Для того чтобы восполнить этот пробел, в данной статье используются теоретико-методологические принципы английской школы, представители которой рассматривают проблему легитимности в контексте «международного общества» — группы государств, внутри которой процессы ролевой дифференциации и социальной стратификации неразрывно связаны с процессами формирования, воспроизводства и трансформации властных отношений. Опираясь на эти представления, автор исследует специфику американских партнерств и временных коалиций как механизмов легитимации гегемонии США. Автор заключает, что использование данных механизмов позволяет Вашингтону в случае необходимости эффективно мобилизовывать коллективные усилия, управлять распределением ролей между своими союзниками и партнерами, закрепляя и легитимируя асимметрии во властных отношениях, однако в условиях обострения международного соперничества этот подход также порождает дополнительные риски и вызовы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Since the end of the Cold War the United States sought to enhance its privileged position as a ‘leader’ of the international community, capable of mobilizing and coordinating other states to achieve collective goals and ensure shared values. For this purpose, the U.S. relied on traditional alliances and intergovernmental organizations as mediators in relations between Washington and the less powerful countries in order to ensure the legitimacy of the American engagement. However, one can witness the United States’ reorientation towards more flexible and less institutionalized formats of interaction in recent years. It may be considered as the transformation of power relations underlying ‘liberal international order’. Although the established U.S.-led alliances still serve as the pillars of the ‘American hegemony’, many functions are increasingly carried out beyond the frameworks of the alliances, and the less institutionalized structures are becoming increasingly important. Thus, it is necessary to explore the links between legitimacy concerns and evolution of institutional tools, whereby the international order congenial with the U.S.’ interests can be maintained. The paper examines the views of both Russian and Western expert communities on the role of U.S. coalitions and partnerships in ensuring legitimacy of the postCold War ‘American hegemony’. The author notes that the existing approaches pay insufficient attention to the dynamics of power relations between the United States and its partners and allies. To fill this gap, the author engages theoretical assumptions of the English school, which consider the issue of ‘legitimacy’ within the framework of the concept of ‘international society’ — the group of states within which the division of roles and social stratification are intertwined with the processes of reproduction and transformation of power relations. On this basis the author explores the specifics of the United States’ partnerships and ad hoc coalitions as the tools of legitimizing the ‘American hegemony’ after the end of the Cold War. The author concludes that the use of these mechanisms allows the United States to effectively mobilize collective efforts and manage the distribution of roles between its allies and partners. However, it generates additional risks and challenges in times of tensions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>гегемония</kwd><kwd>партнерства</kwd><kwd>коалиции</kwd><kwd>лидерство</kwd><kwd>альянс</kwd><kwd>легитимность</kwd><kwd>основной союзник вне НАТО</kwd><kwd>английская школа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>United States</kwd><kwd>hegemony</kwd><kwd>partnerships</kwd><kwd>coalitions</kwd><kwd>leadership</kwd><kwd>alliance</kwd><kwd>legitimacy</kwd><kwd>major non-NATO ally</kwd><kwd>English school</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баталов Э.Я. Мировое развитие и мировой порядок. М.: РОССПЭН, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batalov E.Ya. 2005. Mirovoe razvitie i mirovoi poryadok [World development and world order]. Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богатуров А.Д. Лидерство и децентрализация в мировой системе // Международные процессы. 2006. № 3. C. 5–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogaturov A.D. 2006. Liderstvo i detsentralizatsiya v mirovoi sisteme [Leadership and decentralization in the international system]. International Trends, no. 3, pp. 5–15. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богданов К.В. Время ad hoc? // Россия в глобальной политике. 2019. Т. 17. № 2. С. 32–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogdanov K.V. 2019. Vremya ad hoc? [Time of ad hoc?]. Russia in Global Affairs, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 32–45. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаджиев К.С. Демократическое и имперское начала во внешнеполитической стратегии США // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2007. № 8. C. 31–41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gadzhiev K.S. 2007. Demokraticheskoe i imperskoe nachala vo vneshnepoliticheskoy strategii SShA [Democratic and imperial elements of the U.S. foreign policy strategy]. World Economy and International Relations, no. 8, pp. 31–41. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Журавлева В.Ю. Идейно-политические корни американского лидерства // США и Канада: экономика, политика, культура. 2014. № 11. C. 19–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuravlyova V.Yu. 2014. Ideino-politicheskie korni amerikanskogo liderstva [The American leadership: Political and conceptual origins]. USA &amp; Canada: Economics, Politics, Culture, no. 11, pp. 19–32. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Истомин И.А., Байков А.А. Альянсы на службе гегемонии: деконструкция инструментария военно-политического доминирования // Полис. 2020. № 6. C. 8–25. DOI: 10.17976/jpps/2020.06.02.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Istomin I.A., Baykov A.A. 2020. Al’yansy na sluzhbe gegemonii: dekonstruktsiya instrumentariya voenno-politicheskogo dominirovaniya [Alliances at the service of hegemony: Deconstruction of the military domination toolbox]. Polis. Political Studies, no. 6, pp. 8–25. DOI: 10.17976/jpps/2020.06.02. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кременюк В.А. Две модели отношений США с окружающим миром: «заботливый отец» или «суровый шериф» // США и Канада: экономика, политика, культура. 2004. № 11. C. 3–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kremeniuk V.A. 2004. Dve modeli otnoshenii SShA s okruzhayushchim mirom: ‘zabotlivyi otets’ ili ‘surovyi sherif’ [Two models of U.S. relations with the world: A ‘careful father’ and a ‘tough sheriff ’]. USA &amp; Canada: Economics, Politics, Culture, no. 11, pp. 3–14. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лукин А.Л., Коротич С.А. Между Вашингтоном и Пекином: что ждет азиатско-тихоокеанские альянсы США? // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2017. № 4. C. 5–15. DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2017-61-4-5-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukin A.L., Korotich S.A. 2017. Mezhdu Vashingtonom i Pekinom: chto zhdet aziatsko-tikhookeanskie al’yansy SShA? [The Asia-Pacific alliances of the United States: Between balancing, neutralization and hedging]. World Economy and International Relations, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 5–15. DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2017-61-4-5-15. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">От миропорядка империй к имперскому миропорядку / Отв. ред. Ф.Г. Войтоловский, П.А. Гудев, Э.Г. Соловьев. М.: НОФМО, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voitolovskii F.G., Gudev P.A., Solov’ev E.G. (eds.). 2005. Ot miroporyadka imperii k imperskomu miropryadku [From the world of empires to the imperial world order]. Moscow, NOFMO Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Старкин С.В., Рыжов И.В. Стратегический «разворот» США в Азии: эволюция подходов // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2014. № 10. C. 49–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Starkin S.V., Ryzhov I.V. 2014. Strategicheskii ‘razvorot’ SShA v Azii: evolyutsiya podkhodov [The strategic ‘reversal’ of the USA in Asia: Evolution of the approaches]. World Economy and International Relations, no. 10, pp. 49–56. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Темников Д.М. Понятие мирового лидерства в современном политическом дискурсе // Международные процессы. 2003. № 2. C. 80–90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Temnikov D. 2003. Ponyatie mirovogo liderstva v sovremennom politicheskom diskurse [The concept of world leadership in contemporary political discourse]. International Trends, no. 2, pp. 80–90. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Терентьев А.А. Мироустройство начала XXI века: существует ли альтернатива «американской империи»? // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2004. № 10. C. 35–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terent’ev A.A. 2004. Miroustroistvo nachala 21 veka: sushchestvuet li al’ternativa ‘amerikanskoi imperii’? [World architecture of early XXI: Is there an alternative to ‘American empire’?]. World Economy and International Relations, no. 10, pp. 35–46. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаклеина Т.А. В чем призвание Америки? // Международные процессы. 2004. № 2. C. 34–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakleina T.A. 2004. V chiom prizvanie Ameriki? [‘America’s mission’ revisited]. International Trends, no. 2, pp. 34–42. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаклеина Т.А. Дискуссии в США по внешней политике // США и Канада: экономика, политика, культура. 1999. № 12. C. 25–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakleina T.A. 1999. Diskussii v SShA po vneshnei politike [Foreign policy debates in the United States]. USA &amp; Canada: Economics, Politics, Culture, no. 12, pp. 25–38. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаклеина Т.А. Лидерство и современный мировой порядок // Международные процессы. 2015. № 4. C. 6–19. DOI: 10.17994/IT.2015.13.4.43.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakleina T.A. 2015. Liderstvo i sovremennyi mirovoy poriadok [Leadership and contemporary world order]. International Trends, no. 4, pp. 6–19. DOI: 10.17994/IT.2015.13.4.43.1. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаклеина Т.А., Шаклеин В.В. Стратегия США после Обамы. Какое наследие оставили демократы республиканцам? // Международные процессы. 2016. № 4. C. 49–66. DOI: 10.17994/IT.2016.14.4.47.4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakleina T.A., Shaklein V.V. 2016. Strategiya SShA posle Obamy. Kakoe nasledie ostavili demokraty respublikantsam? [Post-Obama U.S. global strategy]. International Trends, no. 4, pp. 49–66. DOI: 10.17994/IT.2016.14.4.47.4 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шумилин А.И. Эволюция подходов США к конфликтам на Ближнем Востоке // США и Канада: экономика, политика, культура. 2017. № 1. C. 32–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shumilin A.I. 2017. Evoliutsiya podhodov SShA k konfliktam na Blizhnem Vostoke [Evolution of the U.S. approach toward Middle East conflicts]. USA &amp; Canada: Economics, Politics, Culture, no. 1, pp. 32–53. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brooks S., Wohlforth W. International relations theory and the case against unilateralism // Perspectives on Politics. 2005. Vol. 3. No. 3. P. 509–524.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brooks S., Wohlforth W. 2005. International relations theory and the case against unilateralism. Perspectives on Politics, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 509–524.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bull H. The anarchical society. A study of order in world politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bull H. 1995. The anarchical society. A study of order in world politics. New York, Columbia University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buzan B. The United States and the great powers. World politics in the twenty-first century. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buzan B. 2004. The United States and the great powers. World politics in the twenty-first century. Cambridge, Polity Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clark I. Hegemony in international society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clark I. 2011. Hegemony in international society. Oxford, Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clark I. Legitimacy in international society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clark I. 2005. Legitimacy in international society. Oxford, Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heimann G., Paikowsky D., Kedem N. Partnership in leadership: Why and how do leading powers extend managerial privileges to junior partners? // Security Studies. 2021. Vol. 30. No. 3. P. 385–418. DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2021.1951835.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heimann G., Paikowsky D., Kedem N. 2021. Partnership in leadership: Why and how do leading powers extend managerial privileges to junior partners? Security Studies, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 385–418. DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2021.1951835.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holsti K. National role conceptions in the study of foreign policy // International Studies Quarterly. 1970. Vol. 14. No. 3. P. 233–309.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holsti K. 1970. National role conceptions in the study of foreign policy. International Studies Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 233–309.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hurrel A. Power, institutions, and the production of inequality // Power in global governance / Ed. by M. Barnett, R. Duvall. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. P. 33–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hurrel A. 2005. Power, institutions, and the production of inequality. In Barnett M., Duvall R. (eds.). Power in global governance. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, рр. 33–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ikenberry J. Liberal Leviathan. The origins, crisis, and transformation of the American world order. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ikenberry J. 2011. Liberal Leviathan. The origins, crisis, and transformation of the American world order. Princeton, Princeton University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lake D. Beyond anarchy: The importance of security institutions // International Security. 2001. Vol. 26. No. 1. P. 129–160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lake D. 2001. Beyond anarchy: The importance of security institutions. International Security, vol. 26, no. 1, рp. 129–160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lake D. Entangling relations. American foreign policy in its century. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lake D. 1999. Entangling relations. American foreign policy in its century. Princeton, Princeton University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lake D. International legitimacy lost? Rule and resistance when America is first // Perspectives on Politics. 2018. Vol. 16. No. 1. P. 6–21. DOI: 10.1017/S1537592717003085.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lake D. 2018. International legitimacy lost? Rule and resistance when America is first. Perspectives on Politics, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 6–21. DOI: 10.1017/S1537592717003085.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mabee B. Understanding American power. The changing world of U.S. foreign policy. New York: Palgrave McMillan, 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mabee B. 2013. Understanding American power. The changing world of U.S. foreign policy. New York, Palgrave McMillan.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mastanduno M. Partner politics: Russia, China, and the challenge of extending U.S. hegemony after the end of the Cold War // Security Studies. 2019. Vol. 28. No. 3. P. 479–504. DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2019.1604984.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mastanduno M. 2019. Partner politics: Russia, China, and the challenge of extending U.S. hegemony after the end of the Cold War. Security Studies, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 479–504. DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2019.1604984.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reus-Smith Ch. The misleading mystique of America’s material power // Australian Journal of International Affairs. 2003. Vol. 57. No. 3. P. 423–430.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reus-Smith Ch. 2003. The misleading mystique of America’s material power. Australian Journal of International Affairs, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 423–430.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thies C. The United States, Israel, and the search for international order. New York, London: Routledge, 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thies C. 2013. The United States, Israel, and the search for international order. New York, London, Routledge.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thies C., Nieman M. Rising powers and foreign policy revisionism. Understanding BRICS identity and behavior through time. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thies C., Nieman M. 2017. Rising powers and foreign policy revisionism. Understanding BRICS identity and behavior through time. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walt S. Alliances in a unipolar world // World Politics. 2009. Vol. 61. No. 1. P. 86–120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walt S. 2009. Alliances in a unipolar world. World Politics, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 86–120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
