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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2022-14-2-12-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-136</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Столкновение энергетических интересов России и Запада: объяснительный потенциал реалистского и либерального теоретических подходов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia and the West: Clash of energy interests through the lens of realist and liberal approaches</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровский</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovsky</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Боровский Юрий Викторович — доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры международных отношений и внешней политики России</title><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76</p></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Yury V. Borovsky — Doctor of Sciences (History), Professor at the Chair of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Russia, School of International Relations</title><p>76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, Russia, 119454</p></sec></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuribor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет)&#13;
&#13;
Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/136">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/136</self-uri><abstract><p>К началу 2010-х годов мощный позитивный импульс, характеризовавший отношения между Российской Федерацией и западными странами в энергетической сфере, стал явно иссякать. Обозначились серьезные противоречия в подходах сторон буквально ко всем ключевым вопросам повестки дня: от взглядов на пути возможного развития российского топливно-энергетического комплекса (ТЭК) и роль зарубежного капитала в нем до реализации конкретных проектов газопроводов и оценки перспектив правового и институционального регулирования энергетических отношений в Европе и мире. Российская военная операция на Украине 2022 г. обострила все эти разногласия до предела, фактически парализовав любые формы сотрудничества в энергетической сфере. Эти обстоятельства заставляют задуматься о движущих силах, идейно-ценностных императивах и логике развития энергетической политики России и стран Запада. В настоящей статье предпринята попытка рассмотреть указанные вопросы через призму реалистского и либерального подходов в теории международных отношений (ТМО). В первой части исследования описаны базовые теоретико-методологические установки этих подходов вообще и обозначены возможности их применения к изучению энергетической проблематики в частности. Далее проведен последовательный сравнительный анализ объяснительного потенциала каждого из подходов применительно к ключевым узлам противоречий в отношениях РФ и стран Запада в энергетической сфере. Автор приходит к выводу, что, хотя многие шаги руководства России, США и Европейского союза вполне могут быть объяснены с точки зрения логики либерального подхода в ТМО (это касается как политики ряда стран ЕС по сохранению деполитизированного энергетического сотрудничества с РФ, так и законодательных мер Брюсселя для защиты внутреннего энергетического рынка от монопольного доминирования «Газпрома»), положения политического реализма гораздо лучше объясняют и предшествующую динамику международных отношений в этой области, и их нынешнее состояние, и перспективы развития. В частности, именно с позиций логики политического реализма представляется целесообразным рассматривать стремление западных государств совершить «энергетический переход» и тем самым нивелировать свою зависимость от углеводородов, хотя потенциальные противоречия России и Запада на данной почве пока не материализовались в полной мере.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>By the beginning of the 2010s, the powerful positive impetus inherent to the Russia-Western relations in the energy sector has waned. Substantial disagreements arose on all major issues of the agenda, from the views on the prospects for the Russian fuel and energy complex development and participation of foreign capital in it, to the implementation of concrete gas transportation projects and to assessments of opportunities for legal and institutional regulation of energy relations in Europe and the world. The Russian military operation in Ukraine in 2022 has greatly exacerbated all these tensions, rendering virtually impossible any form of cooperation in the energy sector. These circumstances raise questions about the driving forces, ideological imperatives, and the very logic of the energy policy development both in Russia and the West. The present paper compares two different interpretations of these issues based on insights from the realist and liberal theoretical frameworks. The first section highlights basic theoretical and methodological premises of these approaches in general and outlines their potential application to the energy issues in particular. Then the author assesses the explanatory potential of each of these approaches with regard to the key issues in relations between Russia and the West in the energy sector. The author admits that many steps taken by Russia, as well as the US and the EU can be well explained from the viewpoint of liberal approach (e.g. attempts of some EU countries to depoliticize energy cooperation with Russia or the EU measures to prevent monopolization of its energy market by Gazprom). However, political realism provides a more compelling explanation of previous dynamics of international relations in this field, their current state and prospects. The policy of energy transition, implemented by Western countries to lower their carbon dependence, fits particularly well the logic of the realist approach, although potential tensions between Russia and the West in that regard have not yet fully materialized.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>энергетика</kwd><kwd>энергетическая политика</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>коллективный Запад</kwd><kwd>Европейский союз</kwd><kwd>ЕС</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>реализм</kwd><kwd>либерализм</kwd><kwd>энергетическая безопасность</kwd><kwd>энергетический переход</kwd><kwd>Зеленая сделка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>energy</kwd><kwd>energy policy</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>collective West</kwd><kwd>European Union</kwd><kwd>EU</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>realism</kwd><kwd>liberalism</kwd><kwd>energy security</kwd><kwd>energy transition</kwd><kwd>green deal</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белов В.Б. 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