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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-14</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЛИЖНИЙ ВОСТОК В НОВЫХ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ РЕАЛИЯХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE MIDDLE EAST IN THE NEW HISTORICAL REALITIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансформация региональной политики Турции в условиях конкурентной полицентричности на Ближнем Востоке (2000–2010-е годы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Competitive Multipolarity in the Middle East and the Transformation of Turkey’s Regional Policies in the 2000s and 2010s</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шлыков</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlykov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шлыков Павел Вячеславович — кандидат исторических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры истории стран Ближнего и Среднего Востока Института стран Азии и Африки</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Shlykov — PhD (History), Associate Professor of the Middle East History Department, Institute of Asian and African Studies</p><p>1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shlykov@iaas.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шлыков П.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шлыков П.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shlykov P.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/14">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/14</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье предпринята попытка декодировать логику ревизии региональной политики Турции в 2000–2010-е годы, вписав ее в более широкий контекст трансформационных процессов на Ближнем Востоке. Для этого автор обращается к концепции «конкурентной полицентричности», которая позволяет учесть синхронное проявление, взаимное переплетение и субстанциональную оппозицию целого ряда ключевых трендов в развитии региона в указанный период. В этой связи трансформационные процессы на Ближнем Востоке рассмотрены на трех взаимосвязанных проблемных уровнях: глобальном, отражающем изменения в расстановке сил и характере участия мировых держав в ближневосточных делах; региональном охватывающем отношения ключевых ближневосточных государств; и, наконец, страновом — позволяющем проанализировать переплетение внутри- и внешнеполитических императивов в политике той или иной страны. Подобный подход позволил автору показать, как на фоне относительного снижения американского влияния и ограниченного по своему характеру вовлечения в региональные процессы со стороны ЕС, КНР и России на первый план начинает выходить конкурентное взаимодействие нескольких претендующих на лидерство центров силы, представленных Турцией, Ираном, Израилем и Саудовской Аравией. Однако формирующаяся в регионе полицентричность не приводит к созданию устойчивого баланса сил, поскольку объектом приложения конкурентной борьбы перечисленных государств становятся в первую очередь страны, сталкивающиеся с кризисом государственности. Особый интерес представляет пример Турции, поскольку в рассматриваемый период ее внешнеполитический курс претерпел особенно глубокие изменения. Из страны, включенной в трансатлантические отношения и в значительной степени подчиненной их логике, в 2000-е годы Турция, используя свои экономические достижения, стала превращаться в независимый центр силы на Ближнем Востоке, поставив во главу угла прежде всего собственные национальные интересы. На определенном этапе подобное усиление влияния Анкары было благоприятно воспринято другими региональными игроками, однако к концу 2010-х годов проявились и явные противоречия, продуцируемые ростом ее региональных амбиций. В результате Турция стала еще одним актором, усиливающим, а не сглаживающим конкурентный характер полицентричности на Ближнем Востоке.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper aims to decode the logic in the revisions of Turkey’s regional policies during the 2000s and 2010s in respect to a wider context of the large-scale transformations in the Middle East and North Africa region. Methodologically the paper utilizes the concept of competitive multipolarity which allows to scrutinize the simultaneous manifestation, mutual entwinement and substantial opposition of the key trends in the development of the Middle East during the period under review. Against this background the paper examines the transformation processes in the Middle East on three interconnected levels — the global one, which reflects the alternations in the balance of power and the involvement patterns of the Global Powers in the Middle Eastern affairs; the regional one, which encompasses the relations between the main regional states; and the state level which allows to scrutinize the tangle interconnections between domestic and foreign policy imperatives of a particular Middle Eastern country. This analytical approach allowed to spotlight how both the relative decline of the American influence in the Middle East and the limited involvement in the regional developments of the EU, China and Russia contributed to the rising competitive interplay of the leading regional states with the regional leadership aspirations — namely Turkey, Iran, Israel and Saudi Arabia. However, this multipolarity did not result in a sustainable balance of power in the region because the acute competitive activity of the above mentioned regional powers has primarily focused on the states in deep political crisis or the ones which are almost failed states. In this respect the case of Turkey is of a special interest for the following reasons. Ankara’s foreign policy in the 2000s and 2010s experienced large-scale transformations and pervasive changes. Partly abandoning its previous posture of a state deeply integrated in the Trans-Atlantic international relations and largely subordinated to the logic of these interrelations Turkey actively joined the struggle for the regional influence in the 2000s. Turkey’s impressive economic growth and a wide popular support both domestically and abroad facilitated the rise of Ankara’s foreign policy activities. The sound successes of Turkish business together with the large-scale internationalization of the Turkish capital have become the main drivers for Turkey’s expansion in the Middle East and North Africa. Initially other regional actors perceived the increasing role of Turkey in the regional affairs more or less favorably. However, the end of the 2010s witnessed a number of international contradictions as a result of Turkey’s rising ambitions for regional hegemony. Consequently, Turkey now is turning out to become yet another regional power which is amplifying rather than smoothing away the destructive competitiveness of the Middle Eastern multipolarity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ближний Восток</kwd><kwd>Турция</kwd><kwd>Иран</kwd><kwd>Саудовская Аравия</kwd><kwd>Израиль</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>ЕС</kwd><kwd>конкурентная многополярность/полицентричность</kwd><kwd>международные организации</kwd><kwd>многосторонние институты</kwd><kwd>региональный комплекс безопасности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Middle East</kwd><kwd>Turkey</kwd><kwd>Iran</kwd><kwd>Saudi Arabia</kwd><kwd>Israel</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>the USA</kwd><kwd>the EU</kwd><kwd>competitive multipolarity</kwd><kwd>international organizations</kwd><kwd>multilateral institutions</kwd><kwd>regional order</kwd><kwd>regional security complex</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда, проект № 17-18-01614 «Проблемы и перспективы международно-политической трансформации Ближнего Востока в условиях региональных и глобальных угроз».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research has been accomplished with a financial support from the Russian Science Foundation, project №17-18-01614.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Армии и безопасность на Ближнем Востоке и в Северной Африке / Под ред. 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