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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2022-14-3-88-127</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-147</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Советская и британская дипломатия на международных конференциях накануне образования СССР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Soviet and British diplomacy at international conferences on the eve of the formation of the USSR</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергеев Евгений Юрьевич — доктор исторических наук, главный научный сотрудник; профессор</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 32А</p><p>125993, Москва, Миусская пл., 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny Yu. Sergeev — Doctor of Science (History), Chief Research Fellow; Professor</p><p>32А Leninskii prospekt, Moscow, 119334</p><p>6 Miusskaya sq., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eugene.sergeev59@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт всеобщей истории Российской академии наук»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный гуманитарный университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian State University for the Humanities</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сергеев Е.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сергеев Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sergeev E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/147">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/147</self-uri><abstract><p>Образование СССР в декабре 1922 г. стало этапным событием не только с точки зрения предшествовавшей ему напряженной внутриполитической борьбы, но и в контексте дипломатических усилий по нормализации международных отношений после мировой войны и российской революции. В случае Советской России последнее предполагало необходимость выхода из внешнеполитической изоляции и экономической блокады, которая подталкивала советских лидеров к активизации усилий по восстановлению экономических и политических связей с государствами Запада после Гражданской войны и интервенции. Статья посвящена оценке перипетий взаимодействия советской и британской дипломатии на основных международных конференциях 1922 г. — Генуэзской, Гаагской и Лозаннской. Используя материалы российских и британских архивов, а также воспоминания участников, их служебную и личную переписку, автор подробно анализирует достижения и просчеты Москвы и Лондона в процессе стабилизации Версальско-Вашингтонского миропорядка в ходе подготовки и проведения указанных конференций. Как отмечает автор, Кремлю удалось подготовить почву для дипломатического признания большевистского режима ведущими державами и принять участие в обсуждении режима судоходства в Черноморских проливах, тогда как Уайтхолл сумел укрепить имперские позиции не только в Европе, но и на Ближнем Востоке, хотя перспектива сближения Москвы с Берлином и Анкарой продолжала серьезно беспокоить британское внешнеполитическое ведомство. В ходе рассмотренных международных конференций, однако, не нашла своего решения проблема российских долгов, которая препятствовала полной нормализации двусторонних отношений. В качестве значимых факторов, которые сказались на итогах конференций, автор называет отсутствие консолидированного внешнеполитического курса как у большевистского руководства, так и у британского правительства, неготовность западных дипломатов отказаться от стереотипов восприятия большевиков, а также возникновение опасной для Версальско-Вашингтонского порядка тенденции к сближению государств, проигравших Первую мировую войну, с так называемыми странами-ревизионистами, не признавшими ее итоги. Оценивая результаты дипломатического состязания Москвы и Лондона, автор отмечает, что конференции предоставили сторонам неоценимый опыт обсуждения ключевых проблем не только двусторонних, но и общеевропейских отношений и могут считаться знаковым этапом в процессе перехода от периода конфронтации к попыткам выстраивания конструктивного взаимодействия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper examines the formation of the Soviet state and its place within the European international relations system in the first half of the 1920s both in the context of new principles of interstate and economic interactions and geopolitical transformations triggered by the First World War. In the case of Soviet Russia, the latter implied the need to break international isolation and economic blockade which pushed Soviet leaders to intensify efforts to restore economic and political ties with the Western states after the Civil War and intervention. The paper focuses on the peripeteias of interaction between the Soviet and British diplomacy at the key international summits of 1922 — the Genoa, the Hague, and the Lausanne conferences. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources from the Russian and British archives, as well as the memoirs of the participants, their official and personal correspondence, the author examines the achievements and miscalculations of Moscow and London in attempts to stabilize the Versailles-Washington world order on the eve and during these conferences. The author emphasizes that the Kremlin managed to pave the way for the diplomatic recognition of the Bolshevik regime by the leading powers and to take part in the discussion on Black Sea straits regime, while Whitehall managed to strengthen imperial positions both in Europe and in the Middle East, although the prospects of rapprochement between Moscow and Berlin and Ankara remained a major concern for the Foreign Office. However, these conferences failed to address the issue of Russian debts and it continued to be an obstacle to the normalization of bilateral relations. The author highlights a number of other significant factors that affected the outcomes of the conferences: the lack of a coordinated foreign policy approaches both among the Bolsheviks and within the British government, the persistence of stereotypes about the Bolsheviks, as well as an emerging trend towards rapprochement between the vanquished and the revisionist states which was particularly dangerous for the Versailles-Washington order. As for the outcomes of the diplomatic rivalry between Moscow and London, the author concludes that these conferences provided the parties with an invaluable opportunity to discuss the key issues of bilateral relations and European big politics and can rightfully be considered an important step in the development of the post-war international relations from confrontation to constructive interaction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>советско-британские отношения</kwd><kwd>Генуэзская конференция</kwd><kwd>Гаагская конференция</kwd><kwd>Лозаннская конференция</kwd><kwd>послевоенное восстановление</kwd><kwd>интервенция</kwd><kwd>мирное сосуществование</kwd><kwd>долги царского правительства</kwd><kwd>Черноморские проливы</kwd><kwd>В.И. Ленин</kwd><kwd>Г.В. Чичерин</kwd><kwd>Л.Б. Красин</kwd><kwd>Д. Ллойд Джордж</kwd><kwd>Дж. Кёрзон</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Soviet-British relations</kwd><kwd>Genoa Conference</kwd><kwd>the Hague Conference</kwd><kwd>Lausanne Conference</kwd><kwd>post-war reconstruction</kwd><kwd>intervention</kwd><kwd>peaceful coexistence</kwd><kwd>debts of the tsarist government</kwd><kwd>Black Sea Straits</kwd><kwd>Lenin</kwd><kwd>Chicherin</kwd><kwd>Krasin</kwd><kwd>Lloyd George</kwd><kwd>Curzon</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Быстрова Н.Е. Советская Россия на конференциях в Генуе и Гааге 1922 г.: взгляд из Кремля. М.: Центр гуманитарных инициатив, 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bystrova N.E. 2020. Sovetskaya Rossiya na konferentsiyakh v Genue i Gaage v 1922 g.: vzglyad iz Kremlya [Soviet Russia at the 1922 Genoa and the Hague conferences: A view from the Kremlin]. Moscow, Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ Publ. 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