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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2022-14-3-163-194</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-149</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Национально-территориальная трансформация России в 1917–1922 гг. в оценках представителей либерального политико-академического истеблишмента США</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The US liberal political and academic establishment on national-territorial transformation of Russia in 1917–1922</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романов Владимир Викторович — доктор исторических наук, профессор, научный руководитель факультета истории, мировой политики и социологии, профессор кафедры международных отношений и политологии </p><p>392000, г. Тамбов, ул. Интернациональная, 33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Romanov — Doctor of Sciences (History), Professor, Scientific Director of the Faculty of History, World Politics and Sociology, Professor at the Department of International Relations and Political Science </p><p>33 Internatsionalnaya St., Tambov, 392000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvromanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение высшего образования «Тамбовский государственный университет имени Г.Р. Державина»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Derzhavin Tambov State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>163</fpage><lpage>194</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Романов В.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Романов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romanov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/149">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/149</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируется эволюция подходов и оценок политико-академического истеблишмента США относительно национально-территориальной трансформации России на заключительном этапе Первой мировой войны, в условиях революции и Гражданской войны. Американская дипломатия была в тот момент нацелена на разработку и осуществление собственной амбициозной программы либерально-демократического переустройства послевоенного мира, в которой подчеркнутое внимание уделялось вопросам национального самоопределения. В этой связи администрация В. Вильсона не могла не отреагировать на по-настоящему радикальные изменения, которые происходили на пространстве бывшей Российской империи. В то же время эта реакция отличалась большим своеобразием, которое часто вызывало недоумение у европейских политиков, но вместе с тем, как отмечает автор, отражало особенности трактовки В. Вильсоном и его окружением принципа национального самоопределения. В соответствии с этой трактовкой данный принцип предполагал не столько право на этническое обособление (как это было принято в Европе), сколько право гражданского сообщества на самоуправление. При этом право самостоятельно распоряжаться своей судьбой, с одной стороны, в духе социал-дарвинистских подходов объявлялось привилегией только достигших определенной зрелости народов, а с другой — в каждом конкретном случае соотносилось с соображениями политической рациональности и перипетиями смены политических режимов в России. Так, если либеральный политико-академический истеблишмент США в целом последовательно поддерживал независимость Польши и Финляндии, то большинству других национальных меньшинств (народам Прибалтики, украинцам, белорусам, армянам, грузинам, азербайджанцам, народам Средней Азии и др.) чаще всего предлагалось отстаивать свою автономию в рамках единой и демократической России. Особенно противоречивой оказалась политика США на российском направлении после прихода к власти большевиков. Как отмечает автор, последовательное неприятие большевистских преобразований сочеталось в ней с нежеланием подстегивать сепаратизм национальных окраин, продиктованным страхом неограниченной дезинтеграции России, превращения ее в зону непрекращающихся этнических конфликтов. В результате США не признавали большинства национальных образований, декларировавших свою независимость в 1917–1922 гг. При этом автор заключает, что в дальнейшем усиливавшееся идеологическое и политическое противостояние с Советской Россией не позволило руководству США адекватно оценить национально-территориальные изменения, закрепленные большевиками при создании СССР.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper examines the evolution of approaches and assessments of the US political and academic establishment regarding the national-territorial transformation of Russia at the final stage of the First World War, during the Revolution and the Civil War. During that period the US diplomacy was focused on developing and implementing its own ambitious program for the liberal-democratic reorganization of the post-war world with particular focus on issues of national self-determination. As a result, Wilson’s administration could not remain indifferent to the dramatic changes on the territory of the former Russian Empire. However, as the author notes, for European politicians its responses appeared rather unusual and often puzzling. The latter was due to a very specific interpretation of the principle of national self-determination adopted by W. Wilson and his associates as the right of the civil society to self-government rather than the right to ethnic separation. At the same time, the right to independently determine their own destiny was reserved, in a spirit of social-Darwinism, only for peoples who had reached a certain maturity. And moreover, each particular case was additionally assessed in terms of both political rationality and developments of political situation in Russia in general. For instance, the US liberal political and academic establishment consistently supported the independence of Poland and Finland while most other national minorities (the peoples of the Baltic region, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Armenians, Georgians, Azerbaijanis, the peoples of Central Asia, etc.) were usually encouraged to defend their autonomy within a united and democratic Russia. The author notes, that the US policy towards Russia became particularly controversial after the Bolsheviks came to power: the consistent rejection of the Bolshevik reforms was accompanied by the reluctance to incite separatism on the national outskirts out of fear of Russia’s uncontrolled disintegration and its subsequent transformation into a site of endless ethnic conflicts. As a result, the United States did not recognize most of the national entities that declared their independence in 1917–1922. At the same time, the author concludes that the growing ideological and political confrontation with Soviet Russia in the following years did not allow the US leaders to adequately assess the national-territorial transformations that were brought about by the creation of the USSR.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>национальное самоопределение</kwd><kwd>Вудро Вильсон</kwd><kwd>вильсонизм</kwd><kwd>либерализм</kwd><kwd>национальные меньшинства</kwd><kwd>Российская империя</kwd><kwd>Советская Россия</kwd><kwd>образование СССР</kwd><kwd>Российская революция</kwd><kwd>нация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>national self-determination</kwd><kwd>Woodrow Wilson</kwd><kwd>Wilsonism</kwd><kwd>liberalism</kwd><kwd>national minorities</kwd><kwd>Russian empire</kwd><kwd>Soviet Russia</kwd><kwd>formation of the USSR</kwd><kwd>Russian revolution</kwd><kwd>nation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">«14 пунктов» Вильсона сто лет спустя: как переизобрести мировой порядок. 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