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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-16</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЛИЖНИЙ ВОСТОК В НОВЫХ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ РЕАЛИЯХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE MIDDLE EAST IN THE NEW HISTORICAL REALITIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Логика развития и перспективы преодоления кризиса беженцев в Иордании</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Refugee Crisis in Jordan: The Logic of Development and Possible Solutions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демченко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demchenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демченко Александр Владимирович — кандидат исторических наук, ученый секретарь</p><p>107031, Москва, ул. Рождественка, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksander V. Demchenko — PhD (History), the Academic Secretary at the Institute of Oriental Studies</p><p>12 Rozhdestvenka Str, Moscow, 107031</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">demchok@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт востоковедения Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Oriental Studies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>170</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/16">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/16</self-uri><abstract><p>Одним из последствий конфликта в Сирии, придавших ему подлинно международное значение, стало невиданное обострение проблемы беженцев. Особенно широкое освещение в средствах массовой информации получил миграционный кризис, разразившийся в 2015 г. в странах Европейского союза. При этом теряется из виду тот факт, что основной поток беженцев из Сирии пришелся прежде всего на граничащие с ней государства, до предела обострив там социально-экономическую и политическую обстановку. В этом отношении особого внимания заслуживает Иорданское Хашимитское Королевство: по разным оценкам, оно приняло от 600 тыс. до более 1,3 млн беженцев. При этом позиция Иордании по данной проблеме в целом отличается ярко выраженной спецификой, которая обусловлена многосоставным характером населения страны и необходимостью поддержания сложного межобщинного баланса. Показано, как эти обстоятельства отразились на нормативно-правовой базе, регулирующей в Иордании вопросы миграции и предоставления убежища. В статье также подробно освещена эволюция подходов иорданского руководства к проблеме сирийских беженцев с 2011 г., когда в страну стали прибывать первые жертвы конфликта, по настоящее время. В частности, автор отмечает, что если в 2011–2013 гг. сирийцы могли въезжать в Иорданию практически беспрепятственно, то после стремительного увеличения числа беженцев в 2013–2014 гг. Амман резко ужесточил пограничный контроль. Однако достаточно быстро выяснилось, что одни лишь ограничительные меры не позволяют нормализовать социально-экономическую ситуацию в стране, способствуют криминализации мигрантов. В результате с 2016 г. Иордания начала проводить более гибкую политику в отношении беженцев, с одной стороны, по-прежнему не допуская роста их численности на своей территории, а с другой — используя мигрантов для получения от США, ЕС и международных организаций дополнительного финансирования, которое не только помогает смягчить влияние сирийского кризиса, но и способствует развитию инфраструктуры и некоторых сфер экономики. В то же время автор заключает, что перспективы благополучного разрешения миграционного кризиса в Иордании остаются очень туманными: они всецело зависят от процесса урегулирования конфликта в САР, а в случае его провала хрупкий демографический и политический баланс в королевстве будет безвозвратно разрушен.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One major consequence of the conflict in Syria, giving it a truly international dimension, is an unprecedented refugee crisis. The 2015 refugee crisis in the European Union received particularly broad media coverage. However, one should not lose sight of the fact that the largest number of refugees from Syria streamed into neighboring countries, dramatically altering social, economic and political situation there. In this regard the case of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan deserves special attention. According to various estimates, Jordan hosted from 600 000 to over 1 300 000 Syrian refugees. At the same time, Jordan’s refugee policy has some peculiarities due to a complex structure of its society and, as a result, the need to maintain an intercommunity balance. The author shows how these circumstances influenced Jordanian legal framework on the issues of migration and asylum. The paper examines the evolution of the Jordan government approaches to the issue of Syrian refugees from 2011, when the country hosted first victims of the conflict, to the present days. In particular, the author emphasizes that if in 2011–2013 refugees could enter the Jordan territory almost without any obstacles, then in 2013–2014 Amman, facing a constantly growing number of refugees, tightened up its asylum policy considerably. However it soon became evident that restrictive measures could not, per se, improve the social and economic situation in the country and have led to criminalization of migrants. As a result, in 2016 the Jordan government took a more flexible stance. On the one hand, Jordan continued to restrict the inflow of refugees but, on the other hand, tried to capitalize on them by seeking additional funding from the United States, the European Union and international organizations in order to mitigate the adverse impacts of the Syrian crisis and to promote its own infrastructural and economic development. However, the author concludes that the prospects for the settlement of the Syrian refugee crisis in Jordan remain unclear. They are wholly dependent on the process of conflict settlement in Syria and should it fail a fragile demographic and political balance in the kingdom will be irretrievably lost.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Иордания</kwd><kwd>Сирия</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>сирийский конфликт</kwd><kwd>беженцы</kwd><kwd>война с терроризмом</kwd><kwd>внешняя помощь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Jordan</kwd><kwd>Syria</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>the United States</kwd><kwd>conflict in Syria</kwd><kwd>refugees</kwd><kwd>war on terror</kwd><kwd>foreign assistance.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда, проект № 17-18-01614 «Проблемы и перспективы международно-политической трансформации Ближнего Востока в условиях региональных и глобальных угроз».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research has been accomplished with a financial support from the Russian Science Foundation, project №17-18-01614.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бартенев В.И. «Взаимно гарантированная обструкция»? 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