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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2023-15-1-16-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-167</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>20 ЛЕТ ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ МИРОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Несовершенная биполярность: фактор третьей силы в советско-американских отношениях в ядерной сфере в 1958–1968 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Imperfect bipolarity: The ‘third power’ factor in Soviet-American relations in the nuclear field (1958–1968)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веселов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veselov</surname><given-names>V. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Веселов Василий Александрович — кандидат исторических наук, заместитель заведующего кафедрой международной безопасности факультета мировой политики</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasilii A. Veselov — PhD (History), Deputy Head of the Chair of International Security, School of World Politics</p><p>1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vves@fmp.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Веселов В.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Веселов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Veselov V.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/167">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/167</self-uri><abstract><p>Спустя 30 лет после окончания холодной войны в ядерной сфере сохраняется биполярность, однако остальные ядерные державы уменьшают отрыв от России и США в области стратегических арсеналов, а в системе мировой политики в целом укрепляются тенденции к формированию полицентричного порядка. При этом в условиях резкого охлаждения российско-американских отношений на фоне «украинского кризиса» перспективы стратегического диалога по истечении Договора о сокращении наступательных вооружений (ДСНВ) становятся крайне туманными. Отсутствие же нового соглашения в этой области грозит отбросить международные отношения фактически к ситуации начала холодной войны со всеми вытекающими последствиями. Для того чтобы избежать подобного сценария, необходима не только политическая воля со стороны руководства Российской Федерации и США, но и полноценное подключение к переговорам других ядерных держав, прежде всего КНР. В этом отношении ценные уроки позволяет извлечь обращение к изучению истории холодной войны. Как отмечает автор, даже в период наивысшего своего расцвета в конце 1950-х — начале 1970-х годов биполярность не была исчерпывающей характеристикой международных отношений. На основе анализа целого ряда конкретных исторических примеров в статье показано, что в тот период сверхдержавы вынуждены были постоянно считаться с фактором третьей силы, который не только влиял на логику и динамику советско-американских отношений, но и в значительной мере определял направление и характер их военного строительства и планирования. Показано, что именно фактор третьей силы, прежде всего в лице Китая, наравне с достижением стратегического паритета между сверхдержавами стал одним из главных импульсов к разработке режима противодействия ядерному распространению. В заключении автор акцентирует внимание на еще одном важном уроке холодной войны: опыт переговоров по контролю над вооружениями в тот период свидетельствует, что встречам политиков должны предшествовать совместные мозговые штурмы ученых заинтересованных стран. По мнению автора, в современных условиях представители одного из национальных академических сообществ могут проявить инициативу, с тем чтобы ко времени изменения политического климата уже имелись бы проработанные варианты решения проблем контроля над ядерными вооружениями в новом формате.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>30 years after the end of the Cold War, bipolar structure still dominates in the nuclear sphere, although certain nuclear powers are closing the gap with Russia and the United States in terms of strategic arsenals and the system of world politics in general is moving towards polycentrism. At the same time, as US-Russian relations continue to deteriorate against the backdrop of the ‘Ukrainian crisis’, the prospects for strategic dialogue after the expiration of the Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (New START) are becoming increasingly vague. The absence of a new agreement in this field threatens to throw international relations back to the beginning of the Cold War, with all the ensuing consequences. To avoid such a scenario, not only the leaders of Russia and the United States should demonstrate political will, but other nuclear powers should also be included in the negotiation process, particularly China. In this regard, the history of the Cold War can provide valuable lessons. The author argues that bipolarity (even at its apex in the late 1950s — early 1970s) had never been an exclusive characteristic of international relations. On the basis of a number of historical cases, the paper demonstrates that during this period the superpowers constantly had to reckon with the ‘third power’ factor. The latter did not only influence the logic and dynamics of Soviet-American relations, but also to a large extent predetermined the direction and nature of their military development and planning. Indeed, it was the ‘third power’ factor, namely China, along with the achievement of strategic parity between the superpowers that became one of the main impulses to the establishment of the non-proliferation regime. In conclusion, the author focuses on yet another important lesson from the Cold War: the experience of arms control negotiations during that period suggests that the meetings of politicians should be preceded by joint brainstorming sessions with scholars from interested countries. In the current situation, representatives of the academic community should take the lead so that by the time the political climate eventually changes, there would already be coherent and viable options for nuclear arms control adapted to new realities. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>контроль над вооружениями</kwd><kwd>ядерное оружие</kwd><kwd>СЯС</kwd><kwd>контрраспространение</kwd><kwd>ДНЯО</kwd><kwd>ядерное нераспространение</kwd><kwd>холодная вой- на</kwd><kwd>советско-американские отношения</kwd><kwd>советско-китайские отношения</kwd><kwd>американо-китайские отношения</kwd><kwd>стратегический треугольник</kwd><kwd>СССР</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>ДСНВ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arms control</kwd><kwd>nuclear weapons</kwd><kwd>strategic nuclear forces</kwd><kwd>counter- proliferation</kwd><kwd>NPT</kwd><kwd>nuclear non-proliferation</kwd><kwd>the Cold War</kwd><kwd>Soviet-American relations</kwd><kwd>Soviet-Chinese relations</kwd><kwd>American-Chinese relations</kwd><kwd>strategic triangle</kwd><kwd>USSR</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>New START</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богатуров А.Д. 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