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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-18</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ И ВНЕШНЕЙ ПОЛИТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Позиция СССР во время Октябрьской войны 1973 г.: неизвестные страницы и историографические интерпретации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Soviet Policy in the October 1973 War: Unknown Pages and Historiographic Interpretations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носенко</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nosenko</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Носенко Татьяна Всеволодовна — кандидат исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела Израиля и еврейских общин</p><p>107031, Москва, ул. Рождественка, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Nosenko — PhD (History), Leading Research Fellow at the Department of Israel and Jewish Communities</p><p>12 Rozhdestvenka st., Moscow, 107031</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nosenkotat@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт востоковедения Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/18">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/18</self-uri><abstract><p>Сюжеты, связанные с арабо-израильской войной 1973 г., неоднократно становились объектом изучения как отечественных, так и зарубежных специалистов. В последние годы интерес к этой теме снова возрос, причем в западных и особенно израильских исследованиях распространение получили достаточно предвзятые и однобокие оценки роли СССР в этой войне. Данная статья, основанная на широком массиве документальных и мемуарных источников, в том числе введенных в научный оборот совсем недавно, призвана уточнить или опровергнуть выводы, содержащиеся в историографии, относительно характера советской политики на Ближнем Востоке в рассматриваемый период. В этой связи автором предпринята попытка вписать события, связанные с войной Судного дня, в более широкий контекст региональных и глобальных внешнеполитических интересов Советского Союза, в частности взглянуть на них через призму начавшейся разрядки в советско-американских отношениях. С точки зрения изучения регионального контекста особое внимание уделено вопросу о возможностях советского руководства оказывать влияние на своих ближневосточных партнеров, прежде всего на А. Садата. Наконец, автор отдельно останавливается на роли идеологического фактора в формировании позиции Москвы в отношении новой арабо-израильской войны. Автор приходит к выводу, что в действительности влияние СССР на арабские страны было весьма ограниченным, и на практике то же египетское правительство в ходе рассматриваемых событий скорее ориентировалось на США. Такая политика Каира лишала Советский Союз важной опоры в регионе и прямо отразилась на ходе последующих переговоров, призванных урегулировать конфликт, от которых СССР был фактически отстранен. Война Судного дня высветила также негативное влияние чрезмерной идеологизированности советской внешней политики, которая мешала руководству СССР гибко реагировать на быстро менявшуюся региональную ситуацию. В то же время рассматриваемые события позволяют пролить свет на истинное отношение Москвы к разрядке в советско-американских отношениях. С одной стороны, советское руководство не хотело допустить, чтобы региональный конфликт негативно отразился на достигнутом уровне взаимодействия с США. С другой стороны, события Октябрьской войны недвусмысленно показали, что в ситуации кризиса стремление защитить собственные стратегические интересы оказывалось неизменно сильнее приверженности духу разрядки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The 1973 Arab-Israeli war has been examined many times by both Russian and foreign scholars. However, recently there has been an upsurge of interest in the Soviet policy during this war. Along with this, biased and one-sided interpretations of the Soviet position by Western and, especially, Israeli experts get widespread. This paper, based on a wide range of primary sources, both documents and memoirs, which only recently have become available to the academic community, seeks to revise or refute certain historiographic stereotypes regarding the Soviet policy in the Middle East at that period. In this regard, the author examines the Yom Kippur war in terms of the Soviet regional and global political interests, in particular, in the context of emerging US-Soviet détente. As for the regional context, the author pays special attention to the question of the Soviet government ability to influence its Middle Eastern partners, particularly, Anwar Sadat. The paper also highlights the role of ideology in shaping the Soviet position towards the Arab-Israeli conflict. The author concludes that in reality the Soviet influence on the Arab countries was very limited and, for instance, the Egyptian government gravitated more towards the United States than towards the Soviet Union. This reorientation of the Egypt’s foreign policy towards the US deprived the USSR of an important ally in the region. It also had a direct impact on subsequent peace negotiations from which the Soviet Union was de facto excluded. Finally, the Yom Kippur war also highlighted the negative effects of the overideologization of the Soviet foreign policy which impeded the efficiency of the Soviet leaders’ response to a rapidly changing situation in the region. At the same time this case reveals the true attitude of the Soviet leaders towards the détente in the Soviet-US relations. On the one hand, the Soviet government did not want the regional conflict to affect a newly reached level of the relationship between the superpowers. On the other hand, the October war unequivocally demonstrated that in the crisis situations the Kremlin’s desire to protect the Soviet strategic interests proved to be steadily stronger than its commitment to the spirit of détente.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Октябрьская война 1973 г.</kwd><kwd>война Судного дня</kwd><kwd>СССР</kwd><kwd>арабо-израильский конфликт</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Египет</kwd><kwd>А. Садат</kwd><kwd>Ближний Восток</kwd><kwd>разрядка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the October 1973 war</kwd><kwd>the Yom Kippur war</kwd><kwd>the USSR</kwd><kwd>the Arab-Israeli conflict</kwd><kwd>the USA</kwd><kwd>Egypt</kwd><kwd>Anwar Sadat</kwd><kwd>the Middle East</kwd><kwd>the détente</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арабо-израильские войны (1948–1982). Арабский взгляд. 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