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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2023-15-2-116-152</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-180</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ГОСУДАРСТВА, ТРАНСНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КАПИТАЛ И ВЫЗОВЫ (ДЕ)ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATION STATES, TRANSNATIONAL CAPITAL, AND CHALLENGES OF (DE)GLOBALIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гуманитарная помощь под санкциями: от постановки проблемы к поискам решений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanitarian aid under sanctions: From the problem statement to the search for solutions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8439-2352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оганисян</surname><given-names>Л. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oganisyan L.D.</surname><given-names>L. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оганисян Лида Давидовна — кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры международных организаций и мировых политических процессов факультета мировой политики</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lida D. Oganisyan — PhD (Political Science), Associate Professor at the Chair of International Organizations and World Political Processes, School of World Politics</p><p>1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lidaoganisyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования&#13;
«Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>152</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Оганисян Л.Д., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Оганисян Л.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Oganisyan L.D. L.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/180">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/180</self-uri><abstract><p>В условиях резкого обострения межгосударственного соперничества, учащения природных катаклизмов, возникновения новых эпидемиологических вызовов особенно остро встает проблема своевременного оказания гуманитарной помощи населению наиболее пострадавших стран и регионов. Ее решение, и без того сопряженное с целым комплексом объективных экономических, политических и иных трудностей, дополнительно осложняется существующей практикой введения односторонних и международных санкций, которые к настоящему моменту превратились в один из ключевых инструментов ведущих субъектов мировой политики. И хотя формально санкционные режимы снабжены гуманитарными исключениями, призванными минимизировать их негативные последствия для населения целевых стран, их введение неизбежно оборачивается новыми препятствиями для оказания гуманитарной помощи нуждающимся. Данное исследование призвано выявить ключевые проблемы, с которыми сопряжена практика оказания гуманитарной помощи в условиях существующих санкционных ограничений, и оценить перспективы их преодоления. В первом разделе рассмотрены полемика в экспертных и политических кругах вокруг проблемы негативных гуманитарных последствий санкций и поиск подходов к ее решению. В частности, выявлены логика, стоявшая за переходом от всеобъемлющих к «умным» санкциям, а также специфика применения гуманитарных исключений. Во втором разделе показаны ключевые аспекты многопланового деструктивного влияния рестрикций на оказание гуманитарной помощи, включая технические и политические барьеры, возникающие в процессе реализации исключений по гуманитарным соображениям. Наконец, в третьем разделе выявлены современные тенденции в применении гуманитарных исключений ведущими субъектами ограничительных мер. В этом контексте особое внимание уделено резолюции № 2664 Совета Безопасности ООН, принятой в декабре 2022 г., которая предписывает включение в санкционные режимы ООН стандартизированных изъятий в целях минимизации воздействия ограничительных мер на оказание помощи и облегчения страданий нуждающихся. Автор заключает, что хотя к настоящему моменту пространство для решения проблемы негативных гуманитарных последствий санкций остается, для этого требуется осуществление международным сообществом решительных политических шагов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the context of a sharp aggravation of interstate rivalry, an increase in natural disasters and the emergence of new epidemiological challenges, the problem of timely provision of humanitarian assistance to the population of the most affected countries and regions becomes especially acute. Its solution, already fraught with a whole complex of objective economic, political and other difficulties, is further complicated by the existing practice of imposing unilateral and multilateral or international sanctions, which have become one of the key instruments of the leading subjects of world politics. And although formally sanctions regimes are provided with humanitarian exceptions designed to minimize their negative consequences for the population of target countries, their imposition inevitably results in new obstacles to the provision of humanitarian assistance to those in need. The paper identifies the key challenges associated with provision of humanitarian aid under the existing sanctions restrictions, and assesses the prospects for addressing them in the contemporary context. The first section examines political and academic debates on the negative humanitarian consequences of sanctions and possible ways to overcome them. In particular, the author identifies the logic behind the transition from comprehensive to ‘smart’ sanctions, as well as the specifics of applying humanitarian exceptions. The second section outlines key aspects of the complex disruptive impact of restrictions on humanitarian assistance, including the technical and political barriers faced in the implementation of humanitarian exceptions. Finally, the third section identifies current trends in the use of humanitarian exceptions by the main initiators of restrictive measures. In this context, particular attention is paid to the UN Security Council Resolution 2664, adopted in December 2022, which mandates the inclusion of standardized exemptions in UN sanctions regimes in order to minimize the impact of restrictive measures on the provision of assistance and to alleviate the suffering of those in need. The author concludes that although there still remain possibilities to address the negative humanitarian consequences of sanctions, this requires strong political will on the part of the international community.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гуманитарная помощь</kwd><kwd>гуманитарные исключения</kwd><kwd>гуманитарная деятельность</kwd><kwd>санкции</kwd><kwd>санкционные режимы</kwd><kwd>Совет Безопасности ООН</kwd><kwd>резолюция № 2664</kwd><kwd>оверкомплаенс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>humanitarian assistance</kwd><kwd>humanitarian exceptions</kwd><kwd>humanitarian action</kwd><kwd>sanctions</kwd><kwd>sanctions regimes</kwd><kwd>UN Security Council</kwd><kwd>Resolution No. 2664</kwd><kwd>overcompliance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агеева А.Ф. 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