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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2023-15-4-61-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-198</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Народная секьюритизация»: визуальный поворот в исследованиях безопасности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>‘Bottom-up  securitization’: A visual turn in security studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3373-1682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучеров</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kucherov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кучеров Максим Андреевич — аналитик Центра перспективных американских исследований Института международных исследований</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim A. Kucherov — Expert of t he Center for Advanced American Studies, Institute for International Studies</p><p>76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kucherov_m_a@my.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9476-9694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харкевич</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharkevich</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Харкевич Максим Владимирович  — кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры мировых политических процессов</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim V. Kharkevich — PhD (Political Science), Associate Professor, Department of World Politics</p><p>76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.kharkevich@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кучеров М.А., Харкевич М.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кучеров М.А., Харкевич М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kucherov M.A., Kharkevich M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/198">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/198</self-uri><abstract><p>В цифровой век изображения проникли практически во все сферы общественной жизни и политики. Международные отношения не стали исключением. Исследователи не могли не обратить внимание на визуальное измерение мировой политики, что стимулировало формирование так называемого визуального поворота в теории международных отношений, прежде всего в рамках конструктивизма. Затронул он и одну из центральных и наиболее популярных конструктивистских теорий — теорию секьюритизации. В первой части статьи представлен критический анализ феномена визуального поворота в теории международных отношений. Во второй части проанализировано современное состояние теории секьюритизации. В третьей части на примере резонансной публикации фотографии погибшего в  2015  г. при попытке иммигрировать в  Европу сирийского мальчика-мигранта Айлана Курди выявлены ключевые особенности и перспективы применения подобного подхода к  изучению международных отношений. В  четвертом разделе рассмотрены некоторые ограничения теории визуальной секьюритизации. Авторы приходят к  выводу, что визуальный поворот привел к своеобразной демократизации процессов секьюритизации, открыв новые возможности для «секьюритизации снизу», или «народной секьюритизации». Тем самым рассматриваемый феномен ставит под сомнение традиционную монополию политических элит на формирование нарратива в  области безопасности. Одновременно визуальный поворот расширяет список возможных референтных объектов секьюритизации, который начинает включать не только аудиторию внутри страны, но и другие сообщества. В то же время визуальная секьюритизация оказывается сопряжена и  с целым рядом новых проблем. Изображение представляет гораздо больший простор для интерпретации, чем традиционный «речевой акт», что может негативно сказаться на его способности передать аудитории конкретное сообщение. Возможность неоднозначной трактовки предъявляет повышенные требования к  коммуникативному контексту и ограничивает использование визуального образа в качестве самостоятельного инструмента секьюритизации. Ключом к преодолению этих трудностей, по мнению авторов, может стать более активное применение технологий искусственного интеллекта и социальных сетей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the digital age, images have pervaded almost all spheres of public life and politics. International relations are no exception. The visual dimension of world politics attracts increasing attention which resulted in the emergence of the so-called visual turn in the theory of international relations. It gained particular prominence within the framework of constructivism and particularly within one of the central and most widespread constructivist theories, i.e. the securitization theory. The first section of the paper examines the concept of ‘visual turn’. The second section considers the current state of art of the securitization theory. The third section outlines key features and possible implications of ‘visual securitization’ to the study of international relations. To this end, the authors refer to a resonant case of a Syrian migrant boy Aylan Kurdi, who died in 2015 while trying to immigrate to Europe. The fourth section examines some limitations of the ‘visual securitization’ theory. The authors conclude that the ‘visual turn’ has led to a certain democratization of securitization practices by opening up new opportunities for the ‘bottom-up securitization’, or ‘people’s securitization’. Thus, it questions the traditional monopoly of political elites on the molding of a security narrative. At the same time, the ‘visual turn’ extends the list of possible reference objects of securitization, which comes to include not only domestic audiences, but also other communities. As a result, ‘visual securitization’ raises a number of new issues. In contrast to a traditional ‘speech act’, an image can be open to various interpretations and as such would make the process of interaction with the audience too complicated and inconsistent. The possibility of incorrect interpretation places increased demands on the communicative context and hinders the use of an image as an independent securitization tool. The authors argue that the key to addressing these issues lies in a more active use of artificial intelligence technologies and social networks.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международная безопасность</kwd><kwd>секьюритизация</kwd><kwd>«народная секьюритизация»</kwd><kwd>цифровизация</kwd><kwd>визуальный поворот</kwd><kwd>исследования безопасности</kwd><kwd>стратегическая коммуникация</kwd><kwd>конструктивизм</kwd><kwd>Айлан Курди</kwd><kwd>постправда</kwd><kwd>социальные сети</kwd><kwd>символическая политика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>international security</kwd><kwd>securitization</kwd><kwd>people’s securitization</kwd><kwd>digitalization</kwd><kwd>visual turn</kwd><kwd>security studies</kwd><kwd>strategic communication</kwd><kwd>constructivism</kwd><kwd>Alan Kurdi</kwd><kwd>post-truth</kwd><kwd>social networks</kwd><kwd>symbolic politics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация подготовлена при поддержке Программы развития МГИМО  «Приоритет-2030».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The publication is supported by the MGIMO University  ‘Priority-2030’ program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беззубова О.В. 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