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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2024-16-1-51-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-217</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМА В ФОКУСЕ: 75 ЛЕТ НАТО – ИСТОРИЯ С ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕМ?</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOCAL POINT: 75 YEARS OF NATO – TO BE CONTINUED?</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Меняющаяся роль военно-политических альянсов после холодной войны</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Changing role of security alliances in the post-Cold War era</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8334-6343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Истомин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Istomin</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Истомин Игорь Александрович — кандидат политических наук, и.о. заведующего кафедрой прикладного анализа международных проблем,</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Istomin — PhD (Political Science), Acting Chair, Department of Applied International Political Analysis,</p><p>76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iaistomin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1316-3319</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левченко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levchenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Левченко Алла Вадимовна — соискатель ученой степени кандидата политических наук,  </p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla V. Levchenko — PhD Candidate,</p><p>76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454. </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">levchenko.a.v@my.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Истомин И.А., Левченко А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Истомин И.А., Левченко А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Istomin I.A., Levchenko A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/217">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/217</self-uri><abstract><p>После окончания холодной войны в академической и экспертной среде развернулась широкая дискуссия относительно целесообразности сохранения военно-политических альянсов ввиду снижения интенсивности вооруженных конфликтов и минимизации вероятности возникновения крупных межгосударственных войн. Эти рассуждения, однако, столкнулись с новой постбиполярной международной реальностью, в которой стали активно формироваться новые союзы и коалиции, а старые объединения были подвергнуты реформированию и/или расширили членский состав. На практике государства не только продолжили рассматривать союзничество как важный инструмент внешней политики, но и стали активно разрабатывать новые формы союзов и коалиций. В этой связи цель настоящей статьи — выявление и оценка тенденций эволюции союзничества в период 1990–2010-х годов. Во-первых, авторы обращают особое внимание на снижение интереса ведущих держав к формализации союзнических отношений, которая всё больше воспринимается ими как излишнее обременение при стабильной конвергенции интересов. При этом исследователи отмечают, что ведущие державы в постбиполярный период придерживались разных подходов к союзничеству и коалиционному строительству: в то время как США укрепили трансатлантическое ядро (НАТО) в американоцентричной сети альянсов, опираясь при этом на более гибкие малосторонние форматы в других регионах мира, Россия, Индия и Китай в целом не стремились к расширению союзничества, а гарантии коллективной безопасности предоставляли избирательно. Вместе с тем указанные игроки, по мнению авторов, были едины в использовании асимметричных союзов в качестве не только инструментов сдерживания потенциальных противников, но и механизмов контроля над младшими партнерами в условиях борьбы за сферы влияния. Во-вторых, магистральной тенденцией в развитии союзничества является так называемое ритуальное союзничество, когда военно-политические обязательства включаются в повестку дня региональных интеграционных группировок скорее как дополнение к субстантивным вопросам сотрудничества. Наконец, в 1990–2010-х годах расширился спектр практических форматов союзничества: от традиционных приоритетов поддержания территориальной обороны фокус сместился в сторону проведения экспедиционных операций в составе коалиций, которые помимо собственно государств-партнеров включают и негосударственные патронажные сети. В заключение авторы отмечают, что крупные державы продолжат полагаться на комбинированные формы союзничества, при этом всё большее стратегическое значение будет приобретать борьба за лояльность последователей на фоне усиливающегося межгосударственного соперничества.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the aftermath of the Cold War, both scholars and experts frequently questioned the political relevance of security alliances, given the declining intensity of armed conflicts and the decreasing probability of major interstate wars. However, the post-bipolar international reality marked by the burgeoning of new alliances and coalitions, with old associations being reformed and/or expanded in membership rendered these questions obsolete. In fact, states not only continue to consider military alliance as an important foreign policy tool but actively develop new forms of alliances and coalitions. The article identifies the key trends in the evolution of military and political alliances over the period from the 1990s till the 2010s. Firstly, the authors highlight the waning interest of the leading powers towards formalized allied relations, since they increasingly perceive the latter as an unnecessary burden. At the same time, the researchers note that the leading powers adhered to different approaches to alliance and coalition building in the post-bipolar period. While the United States strengthened the transatlantic core (NATO) in the U.S.-centered network of alliances, relying on more flexible plurilateral formats in other regions of the world, Russia, India, and China did not seek to expand their respective blocs, providing collective security guarantees selectively. That said, all major powers share interest in promoting and developing asymmetric alliances both as tools to deter potential opponents and leverages over junior partners amidst the struggle for spheres of influence. Secondly, the authors conclude that the key feature of the post-Cold War coalition-building is the so-called ritual alliance, when military and political commitments are included in the agenda of regional integration groupings as an addition to substantive issues of cooperation rather than the reverse. Finally, in the 1990s and 2010s, the range of formats of an alliance expanded: from the traditional priorities of territorial defense, the focus has shifted towards expeditionary operations as a part of coalitions, the latter including not only sovereign states but also non-state patronage networks. In conclusion, the authors note that the major powers will continue to promote combined forms of alliances, as the loyalty of partners becomes of increasing strategic importance against the background of growing interstate rivalry.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>альянсы</kwd><kwd>военно-политические союзы</kwd><kwd>коалиция</kwd><kwd>асимметричные союзы</kwd><kwd>союзничество</kwd><kwd>межгосударственное соперничество</kwd><kwd>постбиполярный период</kwd><kwd>НАТО</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alliances</kwd><kwd>military-political alliances</kwd><kwd>coalition</kwd><kwd>asymmetric alliances</kwd><kwd>coalition-building</kwd><kwd>interstate rivalry</kwd><kwd>post-bipolar period</kwd><kwd>NATO</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Материал подготовлен за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 17-78-20170).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research has been accomplished with a financial support from the Russian Science Foundation, project No 17-78-20170.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богданов К.В. 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