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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2024-16-1-163-201</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-220</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕМА В ФОКУСЕ: 75 ЛЕТ НАТО – ИСТОРИЯ С ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕМ?</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOCAL POINT: 75 YEARS OF NATO – TO BE CONTINUED?</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Секьюритизация КНР в дискурсе НАТО во второй половине 2010-х — начале 2020-х годов как часть формирования глобальной идентичности альянса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Securitization of China in the NATO discourse in the late 2010s— early 2020s: Towards a global collective identity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-2498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельникова Юлия Юрьевна  — кандидат политических наук, программный менеджер РСМД; преподаватель кафедры региональных проблем мировой политики,</p><p>119049, Москва, 4-й Добрынинский переулок, 8;</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya Yu. Melnikova — PhD (Political Science), Program Manager at the RIAC; Lecturer at the Chair of Regional Issues of World Politics, School of World Politics,</p><p>8, 4th Dobryninsky Pereulok, Moscow, 119049;</p><p>1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jmelnikova@russiancouncil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский совет по международным делам (РСМД); &#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC); Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>163</fpage><lpage>201</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мельникова Ю.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельникова Ю.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melnikova Y.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/220">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/220</self-uri><abstract><p>К началу 2020-х годов в выступлениях представителей Североатлантического альянса резко усилилась алармистская риторика в отношении внешней политики Китая и опасности укрепления его позиций в системе международных отношений. В 2022 г. за КНР был на официальном уровне закреплен статус государства, представляющего системный вызов странам блока. Эти активные попытки секьюритизации китайского фактора в риторике НАТО особенно примечательны тем, что их едва ли можно убедительно объяснить ссылками на традиционные соображения военно-политического, экономического или идеологического характера. В данной статье выдвигается гипотеза, что причины секьюритизации КНР в официальном дискурсе НАТО следует искать в процессах конструирования новой, глобальной идентичности альянса. Для проверки этой гипотезы в статье последовательно проанализирована эволюция коллективных самопредставлений альянса, начиная с холодной войны и вплоть до сегодняшнего дня. Так, показано, что в годы биполярного противостояния, когда Североатлантический альянс позиционировал себя как военно-политический блок, направленный на сдерживание «советской угрозы», его отношения с КНР развивались поступательно и конструктивно, несмотря на политические и идеологические различия. В постбиполярный период, когда в НАТО активно обсуждали идею развития идентичности альянса в сторону «сообщества безопасности», фактор КНР вообще отошел на второй план. Внимание к Китаю в дискурсе НАТО существенно возросло в 2010-е годы, когда организация взяла курс на радикальное расширение своей роли в международных отношениях и соответственное позиционирование себя в качестве глобального актора безопасности. Однако, как подчеркивает автор, и в этот период не наблюдалось попыток секьюритизации Китая, и отношения по линии КНР — НАТО отличались позитивной динамикой. Перелом в официальной риторике НАТО произошел во второй половине 2010-х — начале 2020-х годов и был обусловлен как явной пробуксовкой процесса утверждения глобальной идентичности альянса, так и нарастанием великодержавного соперничества на мировой арене. С этой точки зрения активизация усилий по секьюритизации КНР объясняется внутренней логикой развития коллективной идентичности Североатлантического альянса и стремлением его руководства добиться большей консолидации союзников перед новыми стратегическими вызовами. Однако, как показывает автор, обострение отношений стран НАТО с Россией, традиционным «значимым другим» для блока, во многом обессмысливает попытки дальнейшей секьюритизации Китая, которые продолжаются сейчас скорее по инерции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>By the early 2020s, the NATO representatives have adopted an increasingly alarmist rhetoric regarding China’s strengthening positions in the international relations. In 2022, the PRC was officially qualified as a ‘systemic challenge’ to the countries of the alliance. These attempts to securitize the Chinese factor in the NATO’s discourse are particularly noteworthy since they can hardly be rationalized by traditional military-political, economic or ideological reasons. The author argues that these reasons stem from the NATO’s search for a new, global identity. In order to test this hypothesis, the article traces the evolution of the alliance’s collective self-representations from the Cold War period up to the present day. The author shows that during the Cold War, when NATO positioned itself as a military-political alliance aimed at deterring the ‘Soviet threat’, the alliance’s relations with China developed steadily and constructively despite political and ideological differences. In the post-bipolar period, the Chinese factor has lost its importance even more, as NATO was actively considering the idea of repositioning itself as a ‘security community’. Attention to the PRC in the NATO discourse increased significantly in the 2010s, when the alliance set a course towards a radical expansion of its mandate in international relations and self-representation as a global security actor. However, as the author emphasizes, during this period there still have been no attempts to securitize China, and relations between the PRC and NATO were marked by positive dynamics. The shift in the perception of the PRC in the NATO’s official discourse took place in the second half of the 2010s — early 2020s and stemmed from the apparent difficulties in asserting the global identity of the alliance and the growing great-power rivalry in the international arena. From this perspective, increasing efforts to securitize the PRC could be ascribed to the continuous evolution of the alliance’s collective identity and the desire of its leaders to close ranks in the face of new strategic challenges. However, the author shows that the deterioration of relations between NATO member states and Russia, a traditional ‘significant other’ for the alliance, renders meaningless any further attempts to securitize China, which continue still more by inertia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>НАТО</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>КНР</kwd><kwd>ЕС</kwd><kwd>евро-атлантические отношения</kwd><kwd>сообщество безопасности</kwd><kwd>секьюритизация</kwd><kwd>коллективная идентичность</kwd><kwd>региональный комплекс безопасности</kwd><kwd>«значимый другой»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>NATO</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>PRC</kwd><kwd>EU</kwd><kwd>Euro-Atlantic relations</kwd><kwd>security community</kwd><kwd>securitization</kwd><kwd>collective identity</kwd><kwd>regional security complex</kwd><kwd>‘significant other’</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Aвтор благодарит И.А. 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