fmpВестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политикаLomonosov World Politics Journal2076-7404Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносоваfmp-25Research ArticleПАМЯТНЫЕ ДАТЫ В ИСТОРИИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙMEMORABLE DATES IN THE HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSЭкономическая дипломатия Австралии, Японии и США в процессе создания АТЭС (к 30-летию форума)The Genesis of APEC: Economic Diplomacy of Australia, Japan, and the United States (On the 30th Anniversary of the Forum)СидоровА. А.SidorovA. A.

Сидоров Андрей Анатольевич — кандидат исторических наук, доцент, декан факультета мировой политики, заведующий кафедрой международных организаций и мировых политических процессов ФМП

119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1

Andrey A. Sidorov — PhD (History), Associate Professor, Dean of the School of World Politics, Head of the Chair of International Organizations and World Political Processes, School of World Politics

1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991

aas@fmp.msu.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»РоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation201919112020114338Copyright © Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, 20202020Московский государственный университет имени М.В.ЛомоносоваМосковский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносоваhttps://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/25

В 2019 г. форум Азиатско-Тихоокеанского экономического сотрудничества (АТЭС) отмечает свое тридцатилетие. АТЭС возник в переломную эпоху, когда уход с исторической арены социалистического содружества, а вместе с ним и альтернативной капитализму модели общественно-политического развития создал благоприятные условия для ускорения интернационализации хозяйственных связей. Однако эти новые возможности еще надо было реализовать. Тридцатилетний юбилей АТЭС представляется удачным поводом, для того чтобы обратиться к истории образования этого форума и более подробно осветить сложные перипетии переговоров, развернувшихся между странами Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона (АТР) на излете «холодной войны». При этом в статье рассмотрены как структурные факторы, определявшие глобальный и региональный контекст начавшихся переговоров, так и роль отдельных политиков и дипломатов, которые внесли решающий вклад в их успешное завершение. Особое внимание в тексте уделено анализу подходов трех государств: США, Австралии и Японии. Выявлены особенности их позиций по широкому кругу вопросов, связанных с развитием экономического и политического сотрудничества в АТР: его целями и задачами, институциональным оформлением, составом участников, перспективами взаимодействия с существующими региональными организациями (Ассоциацией государств Юго-Восточной Азии АСЕАН) и глобальными механизмами торгово-экономического регулирования (Генеральным соглашением по тарифам и торговле — ГАТТ). Рассматривая позицию стран — членов АСЕАН, автор отмечает: их основную озабоченность вызывала перспектива, что новый форум займет центральное место в проектах развития экономического сотрудничества в АТР и отодвинет Ассоциацию на второй план. Кроме того, они всеми силами стремились не допустить доминирования в АТЭС крупных держав, в первую очередь США и Японии. В этих условиях ключевую роль на переговорах сыграла Австралия: именно она смогла развеять опасения членов АСЕАН и убедить их войти в состав нового крупного регионального объединения, и именно ей в конечном счете принадлежит главная заслуга в образовании АТЭС. При этом автор заключает, что форум вышел далеко за рамки первоначальных ожиданий его создателей: он стал не просто инструментом либерализации торгово-экономических отношений в АТР, но уникальной площадкой для проведения переговоров, консультаций и выработки совместных решений, выполнение которых зависело от желания и возможностей каждого отдельного члена. Благодаря этому экономическое взаимодействие стран «тихоокеанского кольца» в последующие годы вышло на качественно новый уровень.

In 2019 the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) celebrates its 30th anniversary. APEC emerged at a turning point in international relations history as the break-up of the socialist camp ruled out the alternative to capitalism model of social and political development and created new opportunities for internationalization of production. However, those new opportunities were yet to be realized. The 30th anniversary of APEC provides a good opportunity to revisit the history of the forum and to highlight complex negotiations between the countries of the Asia-Pacific region at the end of the Cold War. The paper examines both the structural factors that shaped global and regional contexts of the negotiation process and the role of those politicians and diplomats who had decisively contributed to the success of the negotiations. Special focus is made on the role of the United States, Australia, and Japan. The author examines their views on a wide range of issues related to the development of economic and political cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, including its aims and scope, institutional arrangements, potential participants, and prospects for cooperation with regional organizations (the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) — in particular) and mechanisms of global trade management (primarily — the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)). As for the ASEAN member states, the author emphasizes that they were particularly concerned that a new forum would place itself centrally in the regional economic cooperation and would overshadow the Association. In addition, they sought to ensure that APEC won’t be dominated by larger, stronger states, notably by the United States and Japan. Under these conditions, Australia decided to take the initiative. It managed to dispel major fears of the ASEAN member states and convinced them to join the new regional alliance, and ultimately it was Australia who played the central role in founding of APEC. At the same time the author notes that the forum has gone far beyond the initial expectations of its creators: it is not merely an effective tool for further trade liberalization in the Asia-Pacific region, but a unique platform for consultation, negotiation, and decision-making process suited for needs and capacities of each individual member state. As a result, economic cooperation among countries of the Pacific has reached a fundamentally new level.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.