fmpВестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политикаLomonosov World Politics Journal2076-7404Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова10.48015/2076-7404-2024-16-4-140-168fmp-258Research ArticleНАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТЬ: ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS: POLITICAL ASPECTSПотенциал глобальной конкурентоспособности атомных энергетических технологий СШАGlobal Competitiveness Potential of U.S. Nuclear Energy Technologieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-5192ВоронинТ. В.VoroninT. V.

Воронин Тимофей Валерьевич — аспирант, кафедра сравнительной политологии, факультет политологии

119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1

Timofey V. Voronin — PhD Candidate, Chair of Comparative Politics, Faculty of Political Science

1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991

voronin@digital.msu.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова»Lomonosov Moscow State University202431012025164140168Copyright © Воронин Т.В., 20252025Воронин Т.В.Voronin T.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/258

Новая администрация Д.  Трампа рассматривает использование потенциала атомного энергопромышленного комплекса США в  качестве одного из важных и перспективных инструментов сохранения глобальных лидерских позиций страны на международной арене. Для того чтобы понять, насколько обоснованны эти расчеты, представляется целесообразным провести ретроспективный анализ развития данной отрасли в США, который позволит выявить ее сильные и  слабые стороны и  оценить ее состояние на момент переизбрания Д. Трампа. В первом разделе статьи обозначены ключевые этапы и драйверы эволюции американской атомной энергетики во второй половине XX в. Автор обращает внимание на тенденцию замедления развития отрасли после фазы стремительного подъема в 1960–1970-е годы, что было обусловлено как чисто экономическими причинами, так и экстраординарными факторами, включая аварию на АЭС «Three Mile Island». Во втором разделе сопоставляются подходы администраций Дж. Буша-мл., Б. Обамы, Д. Трампа и Дж. Байдена к регулированию национального атомного энергопромышленного комплекса. Подчеркивается, что, несмотря на активные правительственные усилия по поддержке отрасли, тенденция к «ядерному ренессансу» обозначилась только с приходом к власти Д. Трампа, взявшего курс на восстановление конкурентоспособности атомной промышленности страны и  доминирование в соответствующем сегменте международного энергетического рынка. В заключение делается вывод, что американские атомные энергетические технологии обладают значительным потенциалом с точки зрения укрепления глобальной конкурентоспособности страны, что, в частности, стало возможным благодаря политике двух последних администраций по субсидированию и технологическому обновлению соответствующей отрасли, а также ее выводу на новые рынки в Европе и Азии. Вместе с тем, как отмечает автор, полному раскрытию этого потенциала препятствует ряд проблем, связанных, в частности, с утилизацией отработавшего ядерного топлива и переходом к рентабельному производству малых модульных реакторов.

The new Trump administration considers the U.S. nuclear energy industry as one of the most important and promising tools for maintaining the country’s global leadership in the international arena. In order to assess the validity of these calculations, this paper provides a retrospective analysis of the development of U.S. nuclear industry, identifies its strengths and weaknesses and the overall state as D. Trump is about to enter his second term. The first section outlines the key stages and drivers of the U.S. nuclear energy industry evolution in the second half of the 20th century. The author notes that the development of the industry was steadily slowing down after a period of rapid growth in the 1960–1970s due to both purely economic reasons and extraordinary factors, including the accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant. The second section compares the approaches of the administrations of George W. Bush, B. Obama, D. Trump and J. Biden to regulating the national nuclear energy industry. The research shows that, despite active government support of the industry, the trend towards a ‘nuclear renaissance’ emerged only with D. Trump's coming to power, as he set a course to restore the competitiveness of the country’s nuclear industry and establish dominance in this segment of international energy market. The author concludes that the U.S. nuclear energy technologies have significant potential in terms of strengthening the country’s global competitiveness, which, in particular, became possible thanks to the policy of the last two administrations to subsidize and technologically upgrade the nuclear industry, as well as to develop new markets in Europe and Asia. At the same time, as the author notes, there are still certain capacity constraints, related, in particular, to the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and the transition to cost-effective production of small modular reactors.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.