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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-26</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИКА ИСТОРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICS OF HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Неудобное прошлое» Второй мировой войны в исторической политике Республики Хорватия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An Inconvenient Past of World War II in the Historical Policy of the Republic of Croatia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Понамарева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponamareva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Понамарева Анастасия Михайловна — кандидат социологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Отдела проблем европейской безопасности Центра научно-информационных исследований глобальных и региональных проблем</p><p>117997, Москва, Нахимовский проспект, 51/21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia M. Ponamareva — PhD (Sociology), Senior Research Fellow at the Department of the European Security of the Center of Scientific Information Studies on Global and Regional Issues</p><p>51/21 Nakhimovskii prospect, Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amp1982@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт научной информации по общественным наукам Российской академии наук»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Понамарева А.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Понамарева А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ponamareva A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/26">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/26</self-uri><abstract><p>Исторические исследования всегда в той или иной мере зависели от политической конъюнктуры, в периоды войн и социально-политических потрясений превращаясь в «тяжелую артиллерию» государственной пропаганды. В последние годы эта тенденция получила мощный импульс к развитию, что заставило ученых обратиться к оценке роли исторической памяти в формировании коллективных представлений и политических мифов. К настоящему моменту эти исследования успели оформиться в самостоятельное направление по изучению комплекса проблем, связанных с исторической политикой, политикой памяти и политическим использованием прошлого в целом.</p><p>В представленной работе рассматриваются особенности и содержание исторической политики Республики Хорватия в отношении ее «неудобного прошлого» периода Второй мировой войны. В то время как опыт недавнего сербско-хорватского конфликта постепенно превращается в фигуру умолчания, знаковые эпизоды 1940-х годов не исчезают из публичной риторики лидеров страны, сохраняя статус «прошлого, которое не проходит». На пространстве бывшей Югославии конкурирующие нарративы выстраиваются вокруг определенных исторических событий и личностей: если сербская сторона обращается к теме Ясеноваца и антифашизма, то хорватская — к памяти о так называемой Блайбургской бойне 1945 г., «Крестном пути» и жертвах коммунизма. Ясеновац и Блайбург выступают в качестве противоположных «мест памяти», где, отталкиваясь от различий в интерпретации событий Второй мировой войны, политические оппоненты получают возможность лишний раз осудить друг друга, в том числе в привязке к дню сегодняшнему. Автор рассматривает хорватско-сербские противоречия в трактовке событий, опираясь на теорию стигматизации Эрвинга Гоффмана. На основе этого общетеоретического каркаса предпринята попытка проанализировать события Второй мировой войны как особой «стигмы» Хорватии. С учетом классической теории Э. Гоффмана подобная экстраполяция представляется обоснованной. В задачи исследования входит определение типа выбранной Загребом стратегии формирования репутации из доступных государствам с «запятнанной» национальной идентичностью. Опираясь на концепцию Э. Гоффмана, автор приходит к выводу, что Хорватия применила стратегию «избирательной амнезии», отдав предпочтение сокрытию неоднозначных эпизодов истории. Автор определяет характерный для официального Загреба тип обращения с «испорченной идентичностью». Раскрываются методы исторической самолегитимации Республики Хорватия и обозначаются внешнеполитические риски, связанные с их применением.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Historical research has always, to one degree or another, been used for political expediency, during the periods of war and intense social and political upheaval transforming into the ‘heavy artillery’ of the state propaganda. In recent years, this trend has received a powerful impetus, prompting scholars to critically reassess the role of historical memory in the formation of collective identities and political myths. These studies have already turned into a full-fledged independent research area, focused on politics of history and memory and the use of the past for political purposes in general. This paper examines the key features and content of the historical policy of the Republic of Croatia regarding its ‘inconvenient past’ of the World War II. While the experience of the recent Serbo-Croatian conflict is often glossed over, the landmark events of the 1940s are constantly invoked in the public rhetoric of the country’s leaders, turning into a ‘past that does not pass’. In the countries of the former Yugoslavia competing narratives are constructed around certain historical events and personalities: if Serbia concentrates on such topics as Jasenovac and anti-fascism, Croatia invokes the memories of the so-called Bleiburg massacre of 1945, the ‘Way of the Cross’ and the victims of communism. Jasenovac and Bleiburg are counterposed to each other as ‘places of remembrance’, which provide political opponents with yet another opportunity to challenge each other over differences in the interpretation of both the events of World War II and the contemporary bilateral relations. The author considers Serbo-Croatian dispute over historical events from the standpoint of the theory of stigmatization by E. Goffman. Within this theoretical framework, the author attempts to conceptualize the events of World War II as a special ‘stigma’ of Croatia. Such extrapolation is perfectly defensible on the grounds of the Erving Goffman’s classic theory. It allows for the identification of the type of strategy to promote the country’s reputation, chosen by the Republic of Croatia from those available to states with a ‘tarnished’ national identity. Building on the E. Goffman’s theory the author concludes that Croatia adopts the strategy of ‘selective amnesia’, preferring to conceal the controversial episodes of its history. The paper identifies methods of historical self-legitimation of the Republic of Croatia, as well as their foreign policy implications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>историческая память</kwd><kwd>политика памяти</kwd><kwd>политическое использование прошлого</kwd><kwd>идентичность</kwd><kwd>исследования памяти</kwd><kwd>стигматизация</kwd><kwd>Вторая мировая война</kwd><kwd>Республика Хорватия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>historical memory</kwd><kwd>politics of memory</kwd><kwd>political use of the past</kwd><kwd>identity</kwd><kwd>memory studies</kwd><kwd>stigmatization</kwd><kwd>World War II</kwd><kwd>the Republic of Croatia</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (РФФИ) (проект № 19-011-00662).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project No. 19-011-00662.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ассман Я. 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