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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2025-17-1-89-140</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-271</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НА ЗАРЕ PAX AMERICANA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AT THE DAWN OF PAX AMERICANA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Контуры послевоенной системы безопасности в Европе во французских стратегических и дипломатических оценках (1943–1949)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Contours of the post-war security system in Europe in French strategic and diplomatic assessments (1943– 1949)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6521-2202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магадеев</surname><given-names>И. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magadeev</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магадеев Искандэр Эдуардович — кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры истории и политики стран Европы и Америки факультета международных отношений,</p><p>119454, г. Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iskander E. Magadeev — PhD (History), Associate Professor at the Department of European and American Studies, School of International Relations, </p><p>76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iskander2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Магадеев И.Э., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Магадеев И.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Magadeev I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/271">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/271</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучение вопросов послевоенного урегулирования всегда привлекало внимание исследователей, но в современных условиях драматичной перестройки международных отношений оно приобретает особую актуальность. В этом контексте большой интерес представляет рассмотрение механизмов и логики генезиса Ялтинско-Потсдамского порядка. Цель данной статьи — восстановить эволюцию французских стратегических и дипломатических оценок по вопросу о ключевых параметрах системы безопасности в Европе по итогам Второй мировой войны. Обращение к кейсу Франции позволяет ярко раскрыть особенности болезненной адаптации страны к новым международным реалиям, связанным с потерей былого великодержавного статуса. Помимо привлечения редких архивных документов новизну исследованию придает попытка автора взглянуть на процесс трансформации французских внешнеполитических установок в период становления Ялтинско-Потсдамского порядка через линзы концепции «гистерезиса габитуса», т.е. понять, насколько им было свойственно воспроизводить традиционные практики, несмотря на изменившиеся условия среды. Как показано в первой части статьи, такая инерция мышления была особенно характерна для французского внешнеполитического планирования в 1943–1944 гг. Однако уже в 1945–1947 гг. начался процесс трансформации «габитуса»: французская дипломатия отказывалась от попыток добиться максимального ослабления Германии в пользу сближения с Великобританией и США. Одновременно французские военные всё настойчивее стали делать акцент на «советской угрозе». Полноценное разворачивание холодной войны поставило Париж перед необходимостью встроиться в «западный консенсус», не превратившись при этом в сателлита англосаксонских держав. В этих условиях в 1948–1949 гг. французская дипломатия сделала ставку на западноевропейскую интеграцию. Практическим выражением этой концептуальной перестройки внешнеполитического «габитуса» стало активное включение Франции в западные военно-политические блоки: Западный союз и НАТО. В то же время проявилась фундаментальная противоречивость внешнеполитических устремлений французского руководства: с одной стороны, оно старалось отстоять свою самостоятельность и не превратиться в сателлита Вашингтона, с другой — остро нуждалось в военно-политических гарантиях и кредитах от США. Поиск баланса между этими компонентами нового внешнеполитического «габитуса» Франции оставался трудной задачей для Парижа на протяжении всей холодной войны. Автор заключает, что хотя в рассматриваемый период можно констатировать существование эффекта «гистерезиса габитуса» во внешнеполитических установках французского руководства, оно также продемонстрировало способность гибко адаптировать свои планы, если они не вписывались в логику нараставшей холодной войны. Вместе с тем ряд базовых компонентов внешнеполитической идентичности страны, прежде всего императив возвращения «величия», оставались константами французской политики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The issues of post-war settlement have always attracted the attention of researchers, yet this agenda is becoming particularly relevant amidst the ongoing dramatic transformation of international relations. In this context, the study of the mechanisms and logic behind the advent of the Yalta-Potsdam order is especially relevant. The paper aims to trace the evolution of French strategic and diplomatic assessments regarding the key parameters of the security system in Europe following the Second World War. The case of France can serve as an illustrative example of the process of a former great-power’s painful adaption to the new international realities, associated with the loss of its status. To this end, the paper not only draws on a wide range of rare archival documents, but also adapts a new theoretical framework to explicate the evolution of the French foreign policy during the formation years of the Yalta-Potsdam order — the concept of ‘hysteresis of habitus’. The latter helps to highlight the extent to which the French policy makers at that time tended to reproduce traditional practices, disregarding the changing international context. The first section shows that this political inertia was particularly common to French foreign policy planning in 1943–1944. However, it was already the period of 1945–1947 that the ‘habitus’ transformation began: French diplomacy abandoned attempts to weaken Germany as much as possible in favour of rapprochement with Great Britain and the United States. Meanwhile, the French military increasingly began to focus on the ‘Soviet threat’. The beginning of the Cold War confronted Paris with the need to integrate into the ‘Western consensus’, yet without becoming a satellite of the Anglo-Saxon powers. In these circumstances, French diplomacy in 1948–1949 focused on Western European integration. This conceptual transformation of the foreign policy ‘habitus’ manifested itself in the active engagement of France with the Western military-political blocs: the Western Union and NATO. At the same time, it revealed the fundamental inconsistency of the French foreign policy aspirations. On the one hand, France sought to ensure its independence and avoid becoming the U.S. satellite, on the other, it was in dire need of military and political guarantees and loans from the United States. Finding a balance between these components of France’s new foreign policy ‘habitus’ remained a difficult task for Paris throughout the Cold War. The author concludes that although it is possible to observe the ‘hysteresis of habitus’ effect in the French foreign policy planning during the period under consideration, the country’s leadership also demonstrated the ability to tailor its plans to the logic of the intensifying Cold War. At the same time, a number of basic components of the country’s foreign policy identity, primarily the imperative of restoring ‘greatness’, remained constants of French politics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история международных отношений</kwd><kwd>Вторая мировая война</kwd><kwd>послевоенное урегулирование</kwd><kwd>Ялтинско-Потсдамский порядок</kwd><kwd>холодная война</kwd><kwd>Франция</kwd><kwd>Четвертая Республика</kwd><kwd>европейская интеграция</kwd><kwd>европейская безопасность</kwd><kwd>европеизм</kwd><kwd>атлантизм</kwd><kwd>Ш. де Голль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history of international relations</kwd><kwd>World War II</kwd><kwd>post-war settlement</kwd><kwd>Yalta-Potsdam order</kwd><kwd>Cold War</kwd><kwd>France</kwd><kwd>Fourth Republic</kwd><kwd>European integration</kwd><kwd>European security</kwd><kwd>Europeanism</kwd><kwd>Atlanticism</kwd><kwd>Charles de Gaulle</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арзаканян М.Ц. 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