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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2025-17-1-203-237</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-274</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НА ЗАРЕ PAX AMERICANA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AT THE DAWN OF PAX AMERICANA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фактор США в эволюции региональной биполярной системы на Корейском полуострове в 1940–1970-е годы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The U.S. factor in the evolution of the regional bipolar system on the Korean peninsula in the 1940s–1970s</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-7276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садаков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadakov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Садаков Денис Андреевич — кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник кафедры истории и политических наук, </p><p>610000, г. Киров, ул. Московская, 36.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Sadakov — PhD (History), Senior Research Fellow at the Department of History and Political Science, </p><p>36, Moskovskaya St., Kirov, 610000.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rstk2005@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Вятский государственный университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vyatka State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>203</fpage><lpage>237</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Садаков Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Садаков Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sadakov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/274">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/274</self-uri><abstract><p>Обычно политику США на Корейском полуострове в годы холодной войны рассматривают через призму логики биполярного противостояния и советско-американской борьбы за сферы влияния. Между тем международные взаимодействия на уровне корейской региональной подсистемы не сводились к жесткому размежеванию государств на два противоборствующих лагеря и характеризовались большей сложностью и непредсказуемостью. В настоящем исследовании предпринята попытка показать, что политика США была определяющим, но далеко не единственным фактором в становлении и развитии региональной подсистемы международных отношений на Корейском полуострове и корректировалась с учетом действий иных акторов. В первом разделе статьи выявляется тенденция к трансформации относительно мирной ситуации вокруг Кореи после окончания Второй мировой войны в сторону напряженного соперничества сверхдержав и разделения полуострова на два враждебных друг другу корейских государства. Автор отмечает, что экспорт биполярности в Корею осуществлялся тогда при активном содействии США, не желавших допустить чрезмерного усиления позиций СССР в регионе. Во втором разделе подробно рассматривается роль США в Корейской войне и ее последующем урегулировании. Подчеркивается, что уже тогда Вашингтон вопреки своим ожиданиям столкнулся с противодействием ряда региональных игроков и осознал необходимость поиска альтернативных стратегий участия в корейских делах. В третьем разделе выявляются конкретные шаги США, направленные на сокращение своего присутствия в Южной Корее, и анализируется реакция региональных игроков на изменения в американском внешнеполитическом курсе. В частности, показано, как американо-китайское сближение в 1970-е годы повлияло на эволюцию региональной системы безопасности в сторону многополярности и разрядки международной напряженности. В заключение делается вывод, что трендом региональной политики США в 1940–1970-е годы было осознанное и постепенное снижение степени своей вовлеченности в корейские дела за счет перераспределения обязательств между союзниками и привлечения новых акторов в процесс корейского урегулирования. При этом автор отмечает, что стратегический подход к корейской политике, выбранный США еще в годы холодной войны и основанный на системе многосторонних альянсов, сохраняет актуальность по сей день, помогая американскому руководству эффективно поддерживать свое присутствие на Корейском полуострове на современном этапе развития международных отношений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The U.S. policies toward the Korean peninsula during the Cold War are usually considered within the framework of the bipolar confrontation and the Soviet-American struggle for spheres of influence. Meanwhile, international interactions at the level of the Korean regional subsystem were not limited to a strict separation of states into two opposing camps and were characterized by greater complexity and unpredictability. This study attempts to show that U.S. policy was a determining, but by no means the only, factor in the formation and development of the regional subsystem of international relations on the Korean Peninsula and was flexible enough to adapt to the actions of other actors. The first section of the article examines how a relatively peaceful situation around Korea in the aftermath of World War II transformed into an intense superpower rivalry and division of the peninsula into two adversarial Korean states. The author notes that this export of bipolarity to Korea was actively promoted by the United States, seeking to prevent the excessive strengthening of the Soviet positions in the region. The second section examines the role of the United States in the Korean War and its subsequent settlement. It is emphasized that already then, contrary to its expectations, the United States faced opposition from a number of regional actors and realized the need to search for alternative strategies to participate in Korean affairs. The third section identifies specific steps undertaken by the United States to reduce its presence in South Korea and analyzes the response of regional actors to the changes in American foreign policy. In particular, it shows how the U.S.-Chinese rapprochement in the 1970s influenced the evolution of the regional security system toward multipolarity and détente. It is concluded that the U.S. regional policy in the 1940s and 1970s tended to be deliberately and gradually decreasing the degree of its involvement in Korean affairs due to the redistribution of commitments between allies and the engagement of new actors in the Korean settlement process. At the same time, the author notes that the strategic approach to Korean policy, chosen by the United States during the Cold War and based on a system of multilateral alliances, has remained relevant so far, helping the American leadership to effectively maintain its presence on the Korean peninsula.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>холодная война</kwd><kwd>Корейская война</kwd><kwd>Республика Корея</kwd><kwd>КНДР</kwd><kwd>биполярная система</kwd><kwd>КНР</kwd><kwd>Япония</kwd><kwd>Г. Трумэн</kwd><kwd>P. Никсон</kwd><kwd>Ким Ир Сен</kwd><kwd>Ли Сын Ман</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>United States</kwd><kwd>Cold War</kwd><kwd>Korean War</kwd><kwd>Republic of Korea</kwd><kwd>DPRK</kwd><kwd>bipolar system</kwd><kwd>PRC</kwd><kwd>Japan</kwd><kwd>Harry Truman</kwd><kwd>Richard Nixon</kwd><kwd>Kim Il-Sung</kwd><kwd>Syngman Rhee</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 2278-10179 «Борьба сверхдержав за лидерство на периферии холодной войны в 1947– 1991 гг.» (https://rscf.ru/project/22-78-10179/).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research has been accomplished with a financial support from the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 22-78-10179 (https:// rscf.ru/project/22-78-10179/).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Асмолов К.В. 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