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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2025-17-2-9-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-285</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ И ВНЕШНЕЙ ПОЛИТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Война чужими руками: англо-египетское противостояние в Южной Аравии, 1955–1964 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proxy war: The Anglo-Egyptian confrontation in South Arabia, 1955–1964</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-0545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Румянцев Владимир Петрович — доктор исторических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой востоковедения </p><p>634050, Томск, пр-т Ленина, 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir P. Rumyantsev — Doctor of Sciences (History), Professor, Head of the Chair of Oriental Studies</p><p>36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rumv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research Tomsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Румянцев В.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Румянцев В.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rumyantsev V.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/285">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/285</self-uri><abstract><p>В истории соперничества региональных и внерегиональных игроков в Южной Аравии особняком стоят взаимоотношения Соединенного Королевства и Египта. Качественно новое звучание англо-египетское противостояние приобрело в 1960-е годы на фоне гражданской войны в Йемене, став одним из первых примеров так называемых прокси-войн на Ближнем Востоке. В первом разделе статьи рассмотрен исторический контекст англо-египетского соперничества в регионе, а также выявлены его непосредственные участники в лице независимого от Великобритании Йеменского Королевства, английских протекторатов Аравийского полуострова и находившейся под властью британской короны колонии Аден. Отмечается, что после прихода к власти в Египте Г.А. Насера, активно продвигавшего идею панарабизма, Великобритании стало сложнее удерживать позиции в регионе. Во втором разделе проанализированы противоречивые установки и подходы британских элит к реагированию на усиление арабского национализма в Южной Аравии после провала Суэцкой операции. С одной стороны, Соединенное Королевство было не готово к ведению полноценных военных действий в регионе, не желая окончательно подорвать свою репутацию в арабском мире. С другой стороны, британские политики были одержимы подозрениями в отношении экспансионистских планов Г.А. Насера и стремились продемонстрировать ему и всему миру готовность отстаивать свои интересы. Как показывает автор, в 1956–1958 гг. Соединенное Королевство ограничивалось организацией рейдов преданных британской короне племен на территорию Йеменского Королевства и нанесением точечных ударов по территории подконтрольных ей протекторатов. В третьем разделе показана эволюция британского подхода к ведению боевых действий в Южной Аравии: от локальных «актов возмездия» к своего рода гибридной войне с Египтом уже на территории Йеменской Республики, провозглашенной в 1962 г. Автор отмечает, что к более решительным действиям по поддержке йеменских роялистов кабинет Г. Макмиллана подталкивали не только быстро менявшиеся события в регионе и активизация арабских националистов, но и усиливавшаяся критика политического курса Консервативной партии, которая исходила от части ее членов в лице «Аденской группы» и оппозиции. Делается вывод, что переход к тактике прокси-войны был осознанным шагом британского руководства, который стал результатом осмысления неудачного опыта Суэцкого кризиса и в то же время проявлением инерции имперского мышления. Вместе с тем, хотя эта тактика не позволила Соединенному Королевству сохранить доступ к Адену и урегулировать йеменский конфликт в свою пользу, опыт прокси-войны в Южной Аравии оказался востребованным и в XXI в.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the history of rivalry between regional and extra-regional players in South Arabia, the relationship between the United Kingdom and Egypt holds a special place. In the 1960s, the Anglo-Egyptian struggle acquired a qualitatively new dimension against the backdrop of the Yemeni civil war, providing one of the first examples of the socalled proxy wars in the Middle East. The first section of the article considers the origins of the Anglo-Egyptian rivalry in the region and identifies its immediate participants, namely, the Kingdom of Yemen, independent from Great Britain, the British protectorates of the Arabian Peninsula, and the Crown Colony of Aden. The author notes that after G.A. Nasser, a major proponent of the pan-Arabism ideology, came to power in Egypt, it became particularly challenging for Britain to maintain its position in the region. The second section examines the British elites’ conflicting attitudes and approaches to responding to the rise of Arab nationalism in South Arabia after the failure of the Suez operation. On the one hand, the United Kingdom was unprepared to engage in full-scale military operations in the region, which was fraught with the risk of a complete loss of its authority in the Arab world. On the other hand, British politicians were obsessed with suspicions regarding Nasser’s expansionist plans and sought to demonstrate him and the world their readiness to protect their interests. The author shows that between 1956 and 1958 the United Kingdom confined itself to organizing raids by tribes loyal to the British Crown, into the Kingdom of Yemen and delivering surgical strikes in areas controlled by its protectorates. The third section traces the evolution of the British approach to military engagement in South Arabia: from localized ‘retaliatory strikes’ to a sort of hybrid warfare with Egypt in the territory of the Yemeni Republic, proclaimed in 1962. The author notes that Harold Macmillan’s cabinet was pushed toward stronger support for Yemeni royalists not only by rapidly unfolding regional developments and the growing fervor of Arab nationalists but also by mounting criticism of the Conservative Party’s policies from within–namely, the ‘Aden Group’ and the opposition. The article concludes that the shift to proxy warfare tactics was a deliberate step by the British leadership, shaped by both the lessons of the Suez debacle and the inertia of imperial thinking. Although this tactic did not allow the United Kingdom to retain access to Aden or resolve the Yemeni conflict in its favor, the experience of proxy warfare in South Arabia remains relevant even in the 21st century.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прокси-война</kwd><kwd>Великобритания</kwd><kwd>Британская империя</kwd><kwd>Египет</kwd><kwd>Аден</kwd><kwd>Южная Аравия</kwd><kwd>Йемен</kwd><kwd>Аравийский полуостров</kwd><kwd>деколонизация</kwd><kwd>Г.А. Насер</kwd><kwd>Г. Макмиллан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>proxy war</kwd><kwd>Great Britain</kwd><kwd>British Empire</kwd><kwd>Egypt</kwd><kwd>Aden</kwd><kwd>South Arabia</kwd><kwd>Yemen</kwd><kwd>Arabian Peninsula</kwd><kwd>decolonization</kwd><kwd>Gamal Abdel Nasser</kwd><kwd>Harold Macmillan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Звягельская И.Д. 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