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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2025-17-3-104-138</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-316</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К новой этике международной безопасности: о социально-политической миссии и нормативных подходах в теории секьюритизации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Towards a New Ethics of International Security: On Socio-Political Mission and Normative Approaches in Securitization Theory</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5970-3726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайдаев</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaidaev</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайдаев Олег Сергеевич — кандидат политических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры международных отношений</p><p>199178, Санкт-Петербург, Средний проспект В.О., 57/43</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg S. Gaidaev — PhD (Politics), Senior Lecturer at the Department of International Relations</p><p>57–43 Vasilyevsky Island, Sredny Avenue, St. Petersburg, 199178</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gaydaev-os@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный институт управления — филиал РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West Institute of Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/316">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/316</self-uri><abstract><p>Завершение холодной войны породило у значительной части западных политических и академических элит уверенность, что начало XXI в. будет сопровождаться радикальной трансформацией всей структуры мировой политики, включая и всю проблематику международной безопасности. Во многом отражением и выражением этих ожиданий стала так называемая теория секьюритизации, превратившаяся в одно из самых динамичных направлений в развитии теоретических исследований в данной области. Однако этим ожиданиям не суждено было оправдаться: число международных конфликтов продолжало только расти, что в свою очередь не могло не поставить под вопрос и базовые установки теории секьюритизации. Цель данной статьи заключается в выявлении и критическом осмыслении политической этики, лежащей в основе теории секьюритизации, а также предлагаемых ее сторонниками нормативных подходов к решению современных проблем безопасности. В работе показано, что существующие нормативные подходы в теории секьюритизации могут быть подразделены на три направления исследований: деонтологическое, универсалистское и прагматическое, каждое из которых обладает рядом особенностей. В рамках деонтологического подхода, разрабатываемого в трудах основоположников теории секьюритизации и их последователей, десекьюритизация рассматривается в качестве предпочтительной нравственно-политической стратегии. Универсалистский подход направлен на создание универсальных и общепринятых критериев нормативной оценки практик безопасности. Сторонники прагматического подхода отдают предпочтение получению практического знания о ценности и этике безопасности в ее локальных проявлениях и контекстах. Автор приходит к выводу, что становление указанных подходов происходило в тесной зависимости от окружающего историко-политического контекста. При этом все подходы обладают рядом серьезных недостатков, таких как однобокость в интерпретации секьюритизации, западноцентричность или, напротив, отсутствие четких этических ориентиров. Подчеркивается, что, хотя исследования в этой области всё еще обладают потенциалом, сам концепт безопасности неизбежно ограничивает создание устойчивой позитивной повестки в международных отношениях. В этой связи представляется столь же полезным обратиться к другим концептам, способствующим формированию более гармоничного многополярного мира.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The end of the Cold War instilled confidence in a significant part of Western political and academic elites that the beginning of the 21st century would be marked by a radical transformation of the entire structure of world politics, including the entire international security agenda. These expectations were largelyembodied in the theory of securitization, which became one of the most dynamic research areas in the theory of international security. However, these expectations were not to be fulfilled: the number of international conflicts continued to grow, which, in turn, could not but call into question the basic tenets of securitization theory. This article focuses on the political ethics underlying securitization theory and the normative approaches to solving modern security problems advanced by its proponents. The author argues that the existing normative approaches in securitization theory can be divided into three research strands: deontological, universalist, and pragmatic, each with a number of distinctive features. Within the framework of deontological approach, developed in the works of the founders of securitization theory and their followers, desecuritization is considered the preferred moral-political strategy. The universalist approach seeks to create universal and generally accepted criteria for the normative evaluation of security practices. Finally, the pragmatic approach prioritizes practical knowledge about security’s value and ethics in its local manifestations and contexts. The author concludes that the formation of these approaches was intrinsically linked to the surrounding historical-political context. At the same time, all these approaches provide only a one-sided interpretation of securitization, marked by Westerncentrism, or, conversely, lack clear ethical guidelines. The author argues that although international security studies still hold potential, the very concept of security is limiting the possibilities for a development of a sustainable positive agenda in international relations. In this regard, turning to other concepts that could contribute to the formation of a more harmonious multipolar world seems useful.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теория секьюритизации</kwd><kwd>десекьюритизация</kwd><kwd>международная безопасность</kwd><kwd>национальная безопасность</kwd><kwd>политическая этика</kwd><kwd>нормативная теория</kwd><kwd>справедливая секьюритизация</kwd><kwd>исследования безопасности</kwd><kwd>постмодернизм</kwd><kwd>конструктивизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>securitization theory</kwd><kwd>desecuritization</kwd><kwd>international security</kwd><kwd>national security</kwd><kwd>political ethics</kwd><kwd>normative theory</kwd><kwd>just securitization</kwd><kwd>security studies</kwd><kwd>postmodernism</kwd><kwd>constructivism</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 25-18- 00379, https://rscf.ru/project/25-18-00379/.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research has been accomplished with a financial support from the Russian Science Foundation, project No 25-18-00379, https:// rscf.ru/project/25-18-00379/. The author is grateful to M.M. Shumilov, as well as to the anonymous reviewers for valuable advice and comments.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурдьё П. Поле науки // Социальное пространство: поля и практики / Отв. ред. Н.А. Шматко. СПб.: Алетейя, 2005. С. 473–517.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burd’e P. 2005. Pole nauki [The field of science]. In: Shmatko N.A. (ed.). Sotsial’noe prostranstvo: polya i praktiki [Social space: Fields and practices]. Saint Petersburg, Aleteiya Publ., pp. 473–517. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайдаев О.С. «Осторожно, безопасность!» Теория (ин)секьюритизации и Парижская школа исследований международной безопасности // Вестник МГИМО-Университета. 2022. Т. 15. № 1. С. 7–37. 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