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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2025-17-4-130-158</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-338</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Issues of Global Governance</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рекомендации международных наблюдателей на выборах: принуждение или авторитет?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International election observer recommendations: Coercion or authority?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0850-7581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гришин Николай Владимирович — доктор политических наук, профессор факультета политологии</p><p>125047, Москва, пл. Миусская, 6, стр. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai V. Grishin — Doctor of Sciences (Political Science), Professor at the Faculty of Political Science</p><p>6, Miusskaya sq., Moscow, 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvgrishin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования&#13;
«Российский государственный гуманитарный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>130</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/338">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/338</self-uri><abstract><p>После окончания холодной войны широкое распространение в академическом и политическом дискурсах получили рассуждения о моральном устаревании традиционных представлений о способах организации международных отношений. Одним из главных объектов критики со стороны развитых стран Запада и возглавляемых ими международных структур стал принцип государственного суверенитета. На волне этой критики появился и быстро укрепился институт рекомендаций международных наблюдателей на выборах в суверенных странах. Для того чтобы выявить специфику данного института как особого глобального феномена и на этой основе оценить перспективы его развития в обозримом будущем, автор предлагает рассмотреть его через линзы теории глобального управления М. Цюрна. В статье подробно освещен процесс становления и легитимации института электоральных рекомендаций как инструмента либеральной глобализации в 1990-е годы. Показано, что с самого начала практика электоральных рекомендаций стала бросать вызов принципу государственного суверенитета: ориентиром для западных наблюдателей были не международные договоры, а нормы, принятые наднациональными инстанциями самостоятельно, без утверждения представителями государств. С начала 2000-х годов всё большее количество стран стали выражать недовольство непрозрачностью деятельности западных наблюдательских миссий, безапелляционным характером их «рекомендаций», либо пытаясь предложить им различные альтернативы, либо попросту саботируя их выполнение. В ответ западные наблюдательские организации создали целую систему разнообразных механизмов для принуждения государств к имплементации их рекомендаций. В статье представлена оригинальная типология соответствующих инструментов, включающая механизмы политического, экономического и псевдоправового характера. Автор заключает, что все эти принудительные меры, однако, так и не смогли обеспечить эффективное исполнение государствами рекомендаций международных наблюдателей, вместо этого они лишь усугубили кризис данного института. Выход из этого кризиса возможен лишь через нахождение компромисса между государствами и транснациональными субъектами, однако позиция западных международных организаций пока не оставляет для такого компромисса никакого места.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Following the end of the Cold War, discussions about the moral obsolescence of traditional concepts regarding the organization of international relations became widespread in academic and political discourse. One of the main targets of criticism from developed Western countries and the Western-led international structures has been the principle of state sovereignty. In the wake of this criticism, the institution of international election observer recommendations emerged and quickly gained momentum. To identify the specifics of this institution as a distinct global phenomenon and, on this basis, assess the prospects for its development in the foreseeable future, the author examines it through the lens of M. Zurn’s theory of global governance. This article provides a detailed account of the development and legitimization of the institution of electoral recommendations as an instrument of liberal globalization in the 1990s. The author emphasizes that from the very beginning, the practice of electoral recommendations challenged the principle of state sovereignty: the benchmark for Western observers was not international treaties but norms adopted by supranational bodies independently, without approval by state representatives. Since the early 2000s, an increasing number of countries have begun to express dissatisfaction with the lack of transparency in the activities of Western observer missions and the peremptory nature of their ‘recommendations,’ either attempting to offer alternatives or simply sabotaging their implementation. In response, Western observer organizations created a diverse system of mechanisms to coerce states into implementing their commendations. This article provides an original typology of relevant instruments, including mechanisms of a political, economic, and pseudo-legal nature. The author concludes, however, that all these coercive measures have failed to ensure the effective implementation of international observers’ recommendations by states; instead, they have only worsened the crisis of this institution. A way out of this crisis is possible only through a compromise between states and transnational actors, but the position of Western international organizations so far leaves no room for such a compromise.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наблюдение за выборами</kwd><kwd>международные наблюдатели</kwd><kwd>БДИПЧ</kwd><kwd>ОБСЕ</kwd><kwd>электоральные рекомендации</kwd><kwd>теория глобального управления</kwd><kwd>государственный суверенитет</kwd><kwd>принцип невмешательства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>election observation</kwd><kwd>international observers</kwd><kwd>ODIHR</kwd><kwd>OSCE</kwd><kwd>electoral recommendations</kwd><kwd>theory of global governance</kwd><kwd>state sovereignty</kwd><kwd>principle of non-interference</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в РГГУ за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-28-01061, https://rscf.ru/project/24-28-01061, «Управление инновациями в государственной электоральной политике».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research has been accomplished with a financial support from the Russian Science Foundation, project No.24-28-01061 (https://rscf.ru/project/24-28-01061).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антюшин Н.А. 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