<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2025-17-4-159-186</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-339</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИРОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REGIONAL ISSUES OF WORLD POLITICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Сотрудничество Юг–Юг с китайской спецификой»: к 10-летию Форума Китай–СЕЛАК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>‘South–South cooperation with Chinese characteristics’: On the 10th anniversary of the China–CELAC Forum</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4145-8790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арсентьева</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arsentyeva</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арсентьева Ирина Ильинична — доктор политических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>620108, Екатеринбург, ул. Софьи Ковалевской, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I. Arsentyeva — Doctor of Sciences (Political Science), Associate Professor, Leading Research Fellow</p><p>16, S. Kovalevskaya st., Ekaterinburg, 620108</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">airen1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт философии и права Уральского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Philosophy and Law Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>186</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/339">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/339</self-uri><abstract><p>Концепция сотрудничества по линии «Юг–Юг», истоки которой уходят в годы холодной войны, получила в XXI в. новый импульс к развитию. Совершенно особое место в этом контексте занимает Китай, отнесение которого к Глобальному Югу в современных условиях является предметом полемики в академических и политических кругах. Сама КНР последовательно утверждает, что ее внешняя политика в значительной степени определяется историческим опытом стран «третьего мира», которые подвергались угнетению Севера, а потому по своей природе близка и созвучна интересам Глобального Юга. В качестве фундамента модели «сотрудничества Юг–Юг с китайской спецификой» выступает инициатива «Пояс и путь», а важным инструментом ее практической реализации — так называемая форумная дипломатия. Яркой иллюстрацией может служить Форум Китай — Сообщество стран Латинской Америки и Карибского бассейна (СЕЛАК), которому в 2025 г. исполнилось 10 лет. Для того чтобы оценить результаты работы этого форума и выявить специфику взаимодействия КНР со странами Латинской Америки, автор сначала последовательно анализирует процесс институционализации китайско-латиноамериканских отношений, прежде всего посредством министерских встреч Форума Китай–СЕЛАК, затем выявляет основные проблемы, которые препятствуют полноценному использованию потенциала сотрудничества. Особое внимание автор уделяет политике действующей администрации Д. Трампа, которая не столько стремится наладить контакты с латиноамериканскими странами, сколько пытается внести раскол в их отношения с Китаем. Последний в свою очередь при реализации проектов в регионе демонстрирует гораздо большую настойчивость, чем когда-либо ранее, позиционируя себя как выразителя интересов Глобального Юга. Всё это ставит перед государствами Латинской Америки новые вызовы, сужая пространство для маневров и реализации политики равноудаленности. Тем не менее взаимодействие с Китаем может не только принести этим странам экономическую выгоду, но также при последовательной реализации потенциала сотрудничества по линии «Юг–Юг» повысить их политическую субъектность на мировой «шахматной доске».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The concept of ‘South-South cooperation,’ which dates back to the Cold War, has received a new impetus in the 21st century. In this context, China occupies a unique place, as its very identification with the Global South under modern conditions is a subject of intense debate in the academic and political circles. The PRC asserts that its foreign policy is largely determined by the historical experience of Third World countries oppressed by the North. Therefore, it is inherently close to and aligned with the interests of the Global South. The Belt and Road Initiative serves as the foundation of this ‘South–South cooperation with Chinese characteristics’ model, with so-called forum diplomacy as an important instrument for its practical implementation. A striking example is the China — Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) Forum, which is celebrating its 10th anniversary this year. To assess the results of this forum’s work and identify the specifics of the PRC’s interaction with Latin American countries, the author first examines the process of institutionalizing China — Latin America relations, primarily through the China–CELAC Forum ministerial meetings, and then identifies the main problems that hinder the full use of the potential of ‘South–South cooperation’ in this context. The author focuses on the policies of Donald J. Trump’s administration, which seeks not so much to establish contacts with Latin American countries as to drive a wedge between them and China. Meanwhile, China is now demonstrating much greater persistence in implementing its projects in the region than ever before, positioning itself as a voice of the Global South. All this poses new challenges for Latin American states, narrowing the space for maneuvering and implementing a policy of equidistance. Nevertheless, South–South cooperation with China could not only bring economic benefits to these countries but also, especially with the consistent realization of the potential of forum diplomacy, enhance their political agency on the global ‘chessboard’.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>Латинская Америка и Карибский бассейн</kwd><kwd>СЕЛАК</kwd><kwd>Форум Китай–СЕЛАК</kwd><kwd>сотрудничество Юг–Юг</kwd><kwd>развивающиеся страны</kwd><kwd>развитые страны</kwd><kwd>Глобальный Юг</kwd><kwd>Глобальный Север</kwd><kwd>Д. Трамп</kwd><kwd>доктрина Монро</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>Latin America and the Caribbean</kwd><kwd>CELAC</kwd><kwd>China–CELAC Forum</kwd><kwd>South–South cooperation</kwd><kwd>developing countries</kwd><kwd>developed countries</kwd><kwd>Global South</kwd><kwd>Global North</kwd><kwd>Donald J. Trump</kwd><kwd>Monroe Doctrine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арсентьева И.И. Китайский Шелковый путь здоровья // Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2025. Т. 69. № 1. С. 30–38. DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2025-69-1-30-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arsentyeva I.I. 2025. Kitaiskii Shelkovyi put’ zdorov’ya [China’s Health Silk Road]. World Economy and International Relations, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 30–38. DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2025-69-1-30-38. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дегтерев Д.А., Рамич М.С., Цвык А.В. США–КНР: «властный транзит» и контуры «конфликтной биполярности» // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения. 2021. Т. 21. № 2. C. 210–231. DOI: 10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-2-210-231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Degterev D.A., Ramich M.S., Tsvyk A.V. 2021. SShA–KNR: ‘vlastnyi tranzit’ i kontury ‘konfliktnoi bipolyarnosti’ [U.S.–China: ‘Power transition’ and the outlines of ‘conflict bipolarity’]. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 210–231. DOI: 10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-2-210-231. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каткова Е.Ю., Еремин А.А. Отношения КНР с регионом Латинской Америки и Карибского бассейна на современном этапе // Вестник международных организаций: образование, наука, новая экономика. 2022. Т. 17. № 2. С. 164–188. DOI: 10.17323/1996-7845-2022-02-07.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katkova E., Eremin A. 2022. Otnosheniya KNR s regionom Latinskoi Ameriki i Karibskogo basseina na sovremennom etape [China’s relations with Latin America and the Caribbean at the present stage]. International Organisations Research Journal, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 164–188. DOI: 10.17323/1996-7845-2022-02-07. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов Д.А., Дмитриева В.А. Гуманитарная дипломатия и страны Глобального Юга: тенденции и дискурсы // Вестник Московского университета. Серия 25: Международные отношения и мировая политика. 2024. Т. 16. № 2. С. 89–124. DOI: 10.48015/2076-7404-2024-16-2-89-124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov D.A., Dmitrieva V.A. 2024. Gumanitarnaya diplomatiya i strany Global’nogo Yuga: tendentsii i diskursy [Humanitarian diplomacy and the countries of the Global South: Trends and discourses]. Lomonosov World Politics Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 89–124. DOI: 10.48015/2076-7404-2024-16-2-89-124. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов П.Е. Второе президентство Д. Трампа: национальный интерес или «порядок, основанный на правилах»? // Вестник Московского университета. Серия 25: Международные отношения и мировая политика. 2025. Т. 17. № 3. С. 38–79. DOI: 10.48015/2076-7404-2025-17-3-38-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov P.Ye. 2025. Vtoroe prezidentstvo D. Trampa: natsional’nyi interes ili ‘poryadok, osnovannyi na pravilakh’? [Donald Trump’s second presidency: National interest vs. ‘rules-based order’?]. Lomonosov World Politics Journal, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 38–79. DOI: 10.48015/2076-7404-2025-17-3-38-79. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alden Ch., Alves A.C. China’s regional forum diplomacy in the developing world: Socialisation and the ‘sinosphere’ // Journal of Contemporary China. 2017. Vol. 26. No. 103. P. 151–165. DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2016.1206276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alden Ch., Alves C. 2017. China’s regional forum diplomacy in the developing world: Socialisation and the ‘sinosphere’. Journal of Contemporary China, vol. 26, no. 103, pp. 151–165. DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2016.1206276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alden Ch., Morphet S., Vieira M.A. The South in world politics. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alden Ch., Morphet S., Vieira M.A. 2010. The South in world politics. London, Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ayllón Pino B. El impulso a la cooperación Sur–Sur en América Latina: ¿Nuevas formas de cooperación regional? // Breviario en Relaciones Internacionales. 2010. Available at: https://cea2.unc.edu.ar/boletin/n-anteriores/016/articulo1.pdf (accessed: 25.12.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ayllón Pino B. 2010. El impulso a la cooperación Sur–Sur en América Latina: ¿Nuevas formas de cooperación regional? Breviario en Relaciones Internacionales, no. 16. Available at: https://cea2.unc.edu.ar/boletin/n-anteriores/016/articulo1.pdf (accessed: 25.12.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berger T., Müller M.-M. South–South security cooperation and the (re) making of global security governance // European Journal of International Security. 2025. P. 1–20. DOI: 10.1017/eis.2025.11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berger T., Müller M.-M. 2025. South–South security cooperation and the (re)making of global security governance. European Journal of International Security, pp. 1–20. DOI: 10.1017/eis.2025.11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freeman C.P. Introduction // Handbook on China and developing countries / Ed. by C.P. Freeman. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015. P. 1–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freeman C.P. 2015. Introduction. In: Freeman C.P. (ed.). Handbook on China and developing countries. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 1–18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gosovic B. On the eve of BAPA+40 — South–South cooperation in today’s geopolitical context // Vestnik RUDN. International Relations. 2018. Vol. 18. No. 3. P. 459–478. DOI: 10.22363/2313-0660-2018-18-3-459-478.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gosovic B. 2018. On the eve of BAPA+40 — South–South cooperation in today’s geopolitical context. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 459–478. DOI: 10.22363/2313-0660-2018-18-3-459-478.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gosovic B. The resurgence of South–South cooperation // Third World Quarterly. 2016. Vol. 37. N o. 4. P. 733–743. DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2015.1127155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gosovic B. 2016. The resurgence of South–South cooperation. Third World Quarterly, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 733–743. DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2015.1127155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gray K., Gills B.K. South–South cooperation and the rise of the Global South // Third World Quarterly. 2016. Vol. 37. No. 4. P. 557–574. DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2015.1128817.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gray K., Gills B. K. 2016. South–South cooperation and the rise of the Global South. Third World Quarterly, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 557–574. DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2015.1128817.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harris R.L., Arias A.A. China’s South–South cooperation with Latin America and the Caribbean // Journal of Developing Societies. 2016. Vol. 32. No. 4. P. 508–556. DOI: 10.1177/0169796X16674108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harris R.L., Arias A.A. 2016. China’s South–South cooperation with Latin America and the Caribbean. Journal of Developing Societies, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 508–556. DOI: 10.1177/0169796X16674108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jakóbowski J. Chinese-led regional multilateralism in Central and Eastern Europe, Africa and Latin America: 16+1, FOCAC, and CCF // Journal of Contemporary China. 2018. Vol. 27. No. 113. P. 659–673. DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2018.1458055.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jakóbowski J. 2018. Chinese-led regional multilateralism in Central and Eastern Europe, Africa and Latin America: 16+1, FOCAC, and CCF. Journal of Contemporary China, vol. 27, no. 113, pp. 659–673. DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2018.1458055.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang M. Chinese relations with the Global South: Evidences from Latin America // IDEES. 2021. No. 52. Available at: https://revistaidees.cat/en/chineserelations-with-the-global-south-evidences-from-latin-america/ (accessed: 25.12.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang M. 2021. Chinese relations with the Global South: Evidences from Latin America. IDEES, no. 52. Available at: https://revistaidees.cat/en/chineserelations-with-the-global-south-evidences-from-latin-america/ (accessed: 25.12.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang Sh. The Chinese foreign policy perspective // China’s expansion into the Western hemisphere: Implications for Latin America and the United States / Ed. by R. Roett, G. Paz. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2008. P. 27–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang Sh. 2008. The Chinese foreign policy perspective. In: Roett R., Paz G. (eds.). China’s expansion into the Western hemisphere: Implications for Latin America and the United States. Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution Press, pp. 27–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li J. China’s identity positioning and diplomacy among developing countries // Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media. 2023. Vol. 32. P. 177–181. DOI: 10.54254/2753-7048/32/20230867.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li J. 2023. China’s identity positioning and diplomacy among developing countries. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media, vol. 32, pp. 177–181. DOI: 10.54254/2753-7048/32/20230867.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopez Cabana S. Chronology and history of South–South cooperation: An Ibero-American contribution. Montevideo: Secretaría General Iberoamericana, 2014. Available at: https://cooperacionsursur.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/18-DT05-Chrono-South-South2014.pdf (accessed: 25.12.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopez Cabana S. 2014. Chronology and history of South-South cooperation: An Ibero-American contribution. Montevideo, Secretaría General Iberoamericana. Available at: https://cooperacionsursur.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/18-DT05-Chrono-South-South2014.pdf (accessed: 25.12.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maiza-Larrarte A., Bustillo-Mesanza R. The hegemonic transition in Latin America: To what extent is China challenging US’s hegemony? // All Azimuth. 2025. Vol. 14. No. 2. P. 273–294. DOI: 10.20991/allazimuth.1644600.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maiza-Larrarte A., Bustillo-Mesanza R. 2025. The hegemonic transition in Latin America: To what extent is China challenging US’s hegemony? All Azimuth, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 273–294. DOI: 10.20991/allazimuth.1644600.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mosquera M., Morales Ruvalcaba D. La estrategia institucional de China hacia América Latina. Análisis comparado entre los foros Celac–China y Celac– Unión Europea // Oasis. 2018. No. 28. P. 123–149. DOI: 10.18601/16577558.n28.08.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mosquera M., Morales Ruvalcaba D. 2018. La estrategia institucional de China hacia América Latina. Análisis comparado entre los foros Celac–China y Celac–Unión Europea. Oasis, no. 28, pp. 123–149. DOI: 10.18601/16577558. n28.08.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santander Campos G. La cooperación Sur–Sur en America Latina: Implicaciones para el sistema de ayuda // Actas del Congreso internacional ‘América Latina: La autonomía de una región’. Madrid: Trama Editorial, 2012. Available at: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00876619/document (accessed: 25.12.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santander Campos G. 2012. La cooperación Sur–Sur en America Latina: Implicaciones para el sistema de ayuda. In: Actas del Congreso internacional ‘América Latina: La autonomía de una región’. Madrid, Trama Editorial. Available at: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00876619/document (accessed: 25.12.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheng L., Nascimento do D.F. The Belt and Road Initiative in South–South cooperation. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheng L., Nascimento do D.F. 2021. The Belt and Road Initiative in South– South cooperation. Singapore, Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">South–South cooperation and Chinese foreign aid / Ed. by M. Huang, X. Xu, X. Mao. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang M., Xu X., Mao X. (eds.). 2019. South–South cooperation and Chinese foreign aid. Singapore, Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">South–South cooperation beyond the myths: Rising donors, new aid practices? / Ed. by I. Bergamaschi, Ph. Moore, A.B. Tickner. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bergamaschi I., Moore Ph., Tickner A.B. (eds.). 2017. South–South cooperation beyond the myths. Rising donors, new aid practices? London, Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Telias D. Los foros China–CELAC y China–CEEC (17+1): Una mirada desde las teorías del regionalismo // Revista Tempo do Mundo. 2020. No. 24. P. 225–250. DOI: 10.38116/rtm24art8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Telias D. 2020. Los foros China–CELAC y China–CEEC (17+1): Una mirada desde las teorías del regionalismo. Revista Tempo do Mundo, no. 24, pp. 225–250. DOI: 10.38116/rtm24art8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vadell J.A. China in Latin America: South–South cooperation with Chinese characteristics // Latin American Perspectives. 2019. Vol. 46. No. 2. P. 107–125. DOI: 10.1177/0094582X18815511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vadell J.A. 2019. China in Latin America. South–South cooperation with Chinese characteristics. Latin American Perspectives, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 107–125. DOI: 10.1177/0094582X18815511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vadell J.A. El Foro China–CELAC y el nuevo regionalismo para un mundo multipolar: Desafíos para la cooperación ‘Sur–Sur’ // Carta Internacional. 2018. Vol. 13. No. 1. P. 6–37. DOI: 10.21530/ci.v13n1.2018.733.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vadell J.A. 2018. El Foro China–CELAC y el nuevo regionalismo para un mundo multipolar: Desafíos para la cooperación ‘Sur–Sur’. Carta Internacional, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 6–37. DOI: 10.21530/ci.v13n1.2018.733.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vadell J.A., Ramos L., Neves P. The international implications of the Chinese model of development in the Global South: Asian consensus as a network power // Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional. 2014. Vol. 57. P. 91–107. DOI: 10.1590/0034-7329201400206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vadell J.A., Ramos L., Neves P. 2014. The international implications of the Chinese model of development in the Global South: Asian consensus as a network power. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, vol. 57, pp. 91–107. DOI: 10.1590/0034-7329201400206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warmerdam W., Haan de A. South–South cooperation with Chinese characteristics // Innovating South–South cooperation: Policies, challenges and prospects / Ed. by H.G. Besada, M.E. Tok, L.M. Polonenko. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2019. P. 141–172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warmerdam W., Haan de A. 2019. South–South cooperation with Chinese characteristics. In: Besada H.G., Tok M.E., Polonenko L.M. (eds.). Innovating South–South cooperation: Policies, challenges and prospects. Ottawa, University of Ottawa Press, pp. 141–172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao S. China’s approaches toward regional cooperation in East Asia: Motivations and calculations // Journal of Contemporary China. 2011. Vol. 20. No. 68. P. 53–67. DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2011.520846.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao S. 2011. China’s approaches toward regional cooperation in East Asia: Motivations and calculations. Journal of Contemporary China, vol. 20, no. 68, pp. 53–67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zottele E., Zottele A.C. Aproximaciones a la Franja y la Ruta. Mexico: Centro de Estudios China–Veracruz, 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zottele E., Zottele A.C. 2020. Aproximaciones a la Franja y la Ruta. Mexico, Centro de Estudios China–Veracruz.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
