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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-1-87-120</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-36</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНОСТРАННАЯ ПОМОЩЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOREIGN ASSISTANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иракский вектор политики Европейского союза (2014–2020)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The European Union’s Policies Towards Iraq (2014–2020)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оганисян</surname><given-names>Л. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oganisyan</surname><given-names>L. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оганисян Лида Давидовна — кандидат политических наук, преподаватель кафедры международных организаций и мировых политических процессов, эксперт Центра проблем безопасности и развития факультета мировой политики</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lida D. Oganisyan — PhD (Political Science), Lecturer at the Chair of International Organizations and World Political Processes, Expert of the Center for Security and Development Studies, School of World Politics</p><p>1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lidaoganisyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Оганисян Л.Д., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Оганисян Л.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Oganisyan L.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/36">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/36</self-uri><abstract><p>Масштабная дестабилизация обстановки на Ближнем Востоке и в Северной Африке в начале 2010-х годов, сопровождавшаяся обострением угроз терроризма и неконтролируемой миграции, резко усилила озабоченность Европейского союза ситуацией в арабском мире. Следствием этого стала, в частности, заметная активизация политики ЕС в отношении Ирака, которому Брюссель оказал существенную поддержку в борьбе с «Исламским государством», предотвращении гуманитарного кризиса, стабилизации обстановки и постконфликтном восстановлении. Усилия Брюсселя на иракском направлении пока еще не становились объектом пристального внимания со стороны отечественных исследователей, традиционно сконцентрированных на изучении деятельности ЕС в странах Южного Средиземноморья.</p><p>Цель статьи — обозначить логику эволюции и специфику политики Европейского союза в отношении Ирака с 2014 г., а также их отражение в общеевропейских программах помощи этой стране. Статья состоит из трех крупных блоков: в первом изучена эволюция стратегических приоритетов ЕС в Ираке на протяжении 2014–2019 гг., второй посвящен наиболее значимым программам помощи, реализуемым Евросоюзом как по двусторонней, так и по многосторонней линии; в третьем блоке рассмотрена реакция ЕС на эскалацию напряженности в Ираке на рубеже 2019–2020 гг.</p><p>Сделан вывод, что повышение интереса Брюсселя к Ираку в последние годы обусловлено не только опасениями насчет превращения этой страны в источник трансграничных вызовов и угроз, но и убежденностью представителей Евросоюза в потенциальной способности Багдада стать краеугольным камнем новой архитектуры региональной безопасности.</p><p>Руководствуясь этими мотивами, ЕС в рассматриваемый период оказывал Ираку комплексную поддержку, которая включала как гуманитарную помощь, так и содействие развитию, нацеленное в первую очередь на устранение фундаментальных причин нестабильности и радикализации. Демонстрируя приверженность принципу взаимодействия не только с государственными структурами, но и с неправительственными группами, ЕС вместе с тем явно предпочитал направлять в Ирак средства через международные организации, а не напрямую. Возможности Брюсселя по оказанию влияния на Багдад — по сравнению с США и региональными акторами — остаются ограниченными, тем не менее ЕС воспринимается в Ираке как нейтральный игрок, что может облегчить достижение им поставленных целей. Однако с учетом таких факторов, как высокий уровень коррупции в Ираке, наличие у страны значительных собственных средств для восстановления, а также концентрация внимания Брюсселя на сирийской проблеме, вопрос о пределах вовлечения Евросоюза в иракские дела в текущих условиях остается открытым.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Political instability in the Middle East and North Africa in the early 2010s, accompanied by an escalation of the terrorist threat and uncontrolled migration, caused serious concern in the European Union about the situation in the Arab world. As a consequence, the EU has noticeably increased assistance to Iraq, providing Baghdad with substantial support in the ﬁght against the Islamic State, preventing the humanitarian crisis, stabilizing the situation and promoting post-conﬂict reconstruction. However, these eﬀorts have not yet been explored in depth by the Russian experts, who traditionally focus on the EU relations with the Southern Mediterranean countries.</p><p>The author aims to reveal the logic behind the evolution of the European Union’s policy towards Iraq since 2014, as well as its impact on the EU assistance programmes to this country. The paper consists of three sections: the ﬁrst one outlines the evolution of the EU strategic priorities in Iraq during 2014–2019, the second covers the major assistance programmes implemented by the European Union, both bilaterally and multilaterally, in Iraq; the third examines the EU reaction to the rising tensions in Iraq at the turn of 2019–2020.</p><p>The author concludes that the EU’s growing interest in Iraq in recent years stems not only from concerns about transformation of this country into a source of cross-border challenges and threats, but also from the conviction of the EU oﬃcials that Iraq might potentially become the cornerstone of a new regional security architecture. On the basis of these considerations, the EU provides a comprehensive support to Iraq, including both humanitarian aid and development assistance aimed primarily at eliminating the fundamental causes of instability and radicalization. At the same time while demonstrating its commitment to develop cooperation with both government agencies and non-governmental organizations, the EU clearly prefers to assist Iraq through international organizations, rather than directly. Although the EU’s ability to inﬂuence Baghdad remains limited, compared to that of the US and regional actors, the European Union is perceived in Iraq as a neutral player and this might facilitate the achievement of its policy objectives. However, taking into account such factors as a high level of corruption in Iraq, substantial resources for reconstruction already available for the country, as well as Brussels’ focus on Syria, the scope of the EU’s further involvement in Iraq remains unclear.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Европейский союз</kwd><kwd>Ирак</kwd><kwd>«Исламское государство»</kwd><kwd>терроризм</kwd><kwd>миграционный кризис</kwd><kwd>стабилизация</kwd><kwd>постконфликтное восстановление</kwd><kwd>помощь развитию</kwd><kwd>гуманитарная помощь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the European Union</kwd><kwd>Iraq</kwd><kwd>the Islamic State</kwd><kwd>terrorism</kwd><kwd>migration crisis</kwd><kwd>stabilization</kwd><kwd>post-conﬂict reconstruction</kwd><kwd>development assistance</kwd><kwd>humanitarian assistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование подготовлено при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований в рамках научного проекта № 17-37-01018-ОГН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research according to the research project 17-37-01018-OGN.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бартенев В.И. 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