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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-2-112-141</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-44</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОТЕСТНАЯ ВОЛНА 2019 ГОДА: ЕДИНСТВО В МНОГООБРАЗИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE PROTEST WAVE OF 2019: UNITY IN DIVERSITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Чилийская модель перед ожиданиями социальной справедливости</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Chilean Model Confronting Expectations of Social Justice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьякова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Diyakova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дьякова Людмила Владимировна — доктор политических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>115035, Москва, ул. Большая Ордынка, 21/16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila V. Diyakova — Doctor of Sciences (Political Science), Leading Research Fellow</p><p>21/16 Bolshaya Ordynka Str., Moscow, 115035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diakova65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт Латинской Америки Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Latin American Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>141</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/44">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/44</self-uri><abstract><p>Чилийская модель развития по объективным параметрам представляет собой сочетание развитой демократии, целенаправленной социальной политики и эффективной, конкурентоспособной экономики. Несмотря на это, протестное движение, начавшееся в октябре 2019 г. и включавшее как мирные, так и насильственные акции, было направлено не только против правоцентристского правительства Себастьяна Пиньеры (2018–2022), но и против системы в целом. Это движение продемонстрировало неудовлетворенность широких общественных слоев результатами политического и социального развития и свидетельствовало о начале затяжного, трудноразрешимого кризиса.</p><p>Фундаментальной причиной протестов стало глубокое противоречие между экономической эффективностью и социальной справедливостью, заложенное в ходе неолиберальной модернизации Аугусто Пиночета (1973–1990) и не преодоленное на протяжении 30 лет демократического развития, несмотря на масштабную социальную политику. Объектом жесткой критики стала и система «элитарных компромиссов», представлявшая собой политическую основу для перехода от авторитаризма к демократии.</p><p>В статье показана специфика формирования чилийской модели в исторической ретроспективе, выявлены противоречия и проблемы, ставшие предпосылками конфликта, проанализирован процесс нарастания массовых социальных ожиданий, усиленный реформами второго правительства Мишель Бачелет (2014–2018), рассмотрены особенности современного кризиса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Chilean development model by objective parameters is a combination of a developed democracy, a targeted social policy, and an eﬀective, competitive economy. However, the protest movement that began in October 2019, which included both peaceful and violent actions, was directed not only against the center-right government of Sebastian Pinera (2018–2022), but also against the entire system as a whole. This movement demonstrated the disillusionment and dissatisfaction of the broad social strata with the results of political and social development and indicated the beginning of a protracted, intractable crisis.The fundamental reason for the protests was a deep contradiction between economic eﬃciency and social justice, laid down during the neoliberal modernization of Augusto Pinochet (1973–1990), and not overcome during the 30 years of democratic development, despite a large-scale social policy. The system of ‘elite compromises’, which provided a political basis for the transition from authoritarianism to democracy, also became an object of harsh criticism.The paper shows the speciﬁcs of the Chilean model in historical retrospect, identiﬁes contradictions and issues that have triggered a socio-political conﬂict, particularly the rise of mass social expectations, strengthened by the reforms of the second government of M. Bachelet (2014–2018), and considers the features of the current crisis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Чили</kwd><kwd>протесты</kwd><kwd>неолиберальные реформы</kwd><kwd>модель «элитарных компромиссов»</kwd><kwd>социальная справедливость</kwd><kwd>С. Пиньера</kwd><kwd>М. Бачелет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Chile</kwd><kwd>protests</kwd><kwd>neoliberal reforms</kwd><kwd>the model of elite compromises</kwd><kwd>social justice</kwd><kwd>Sebastian Pinera</kwd><kwd>Michelle Bachelet</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богуш Е.Ю., Щелчков А.А. Политическая история Чили XX века. М.: Высшая школа, 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogush E.Yu., Shchelchkov A.A. 2009. Politicheskaya istoriya Chili XX veka [Political history of twentieth-century Chile]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ. 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