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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-7-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-49</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>У ИСТОКОВ БИПОЛЯРНОГО ПОРЯДКА: УРОКИ ВТОРОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE ORIGINS OF THE BIPOLAR WORLD ORDER: LESSONS OF WORLD WAR II</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Антигитлеровская коалиция: от вражды к военному союзу — формула успеха</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Anti-Hitler Coalition: From Enmity to Military Alliance — A Formula for Success</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисов Александр Юрьевич — доктор исторических наук, профессор, Чрезвычайный и Полномочный Посланник</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr Yu. Borisov — Doctor of Sciences (History), Minister Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary</p><p>76 Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">albor@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/49">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/49</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы вокруг событий, связанных с началом Второй мировой войны, развернулась новая война — война памяти. Политики и исследователи, являющиеся идейными наследниками коллаборационистов, предпринимают активные попытки переписать историю тех трагичных дней, принизить роль Советского Союза в победе над нацизмом, воскресить уже давно развенчанные мифы о якобы равной ответственности СССР и нацистской Германии в начале войны, об «оккупации», а не освобождении Красной армией стран Восточной Европы. Для того чтобы противостоять этой ревизионистской кампании, представляется целесообразным еще раз обратиться к перипетиям международных отношений межвоенного периода, в частности рассмотреть вопросы, почему провалились попытки формирования единого фронта антифашистских сил в 1930-е годы и почему складывание антигитлеровской коалиции стало все-таки возможным.</p><p>В центре проблематики статьи — сложное переплетение соображений соперничества и сотрудничества, взаимного недоверия и желания найти союзника в условиях нараставшего международного кризиса, которое обусловливало динамику отношений в треугольнике СССР–США–Великобритания на рубеже 1930–1940-х годов. В статье подробно разобраны причины, по которым все усилия по созданию системы коллективной безопасности в довоенный период оказались безрезультатными перед лицом политики «умиротворения», обернувшейся завоеванием А. Гитлером почти всей Европы. Только вступление в войну СССР изменило трагический ход событий и внесло решающий вклад в победу народов над агрессорами. Автор подчеркивает в этой связи, что особую роль сыграли реализм, здравый смысл и готовность к взаимодействию, проявленные в тот момент И.В. Сталиным, Ф. Рузвельтом и У. Черчиллем. И хотя в отношениях между державами антигитлеровской коалиции оставалось много нерешенных проблем, не раз приводивших к острым разногласиям, их лидерам удалось в самый решающий момент подняться над застарелыми обидами, идеологическими расхождениями и конъюнктурными политическими интересами, осознать общность своих стратегических целей в борьбе с нацизмом. В этом, по мнению автора, скрыты формула успеха антигитлеровской коалиции и одновременно важный исторический урок для современных политиков. Само складывание этой коалиции стало крупнейшим водоразделом в истории ХХ столетия, определившим ход дальнейшего развития человечества и заложившим основы послевоенного миропорядка на следующие полвека.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>It is unfortunate to note again today that World War II did not end, it continues in the form of the war of memory. Politicians and scholars who stand as ideological successors of collaborators are trying to rewrite the history of those tragic days, to downplay the role of the Soviet Union in the victory over fascism. They try to revive certain political myths, which have been debunked long ago, that the Soviet Union and the Nazi Germany bear equal responsibility for the outbreak of World War II, that the Red Army did not liberate Eastern Europe but ‘occupied’ it. In order to combat these attempts it is necessary to examine once again a turbulent history of the inter-war period and, particularly, the reasons why all attempts to form a united antifascist front had failed in the 1930s, but eventually led to the formation of the anti-Hitler coalition.The paper focuses on a complex set of political considerations, including cooperation and confrontation, mutual suspicions and a fervent desire to ﬁnd an ally in the face of growing international tensions, which all together determined the dynamics of relations within a strategic triangle of the Soviet Union — the United States — Great Britain in the late 1930s and early 1940s. The paper shows how all attempts to establish a collective security system during the prewar period had shattered faced with the policy of appeasement, which allowed the Nazi Germany to occupy much of Europe. Only the Soviet Union’s entry into the war changed the course of the conﬂict and made a decisive contribution to the victory over fascist aggressors. The author emphasizes that at such crucial moment of history I.V. Stalin, F.D. Roosevelt and W. Churchill raised to that challenge, demonstrating realism, common sense and willingness to cooperate. Although within the anti-Hitler coalition there was a number of pending issues, which triggered tensions between the Allies, their leaders managed to move beyond old grievances, ideological diﬀerences and short-term political interests, to realize that they have a common strategic goal in the struggle against Nazism. According to the author, this is the foundation for success of the anti-Hitler coalition and, at the same time, the key lesson for contemporary politicians. The very emergence of the anti-Hitler coalition represented a watershed in the history of the 20th century, which has determined a way forward for the whole humanity and laid the foundations for the world order for the next ﬁfty years.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антигитлеровская коалиция</kwd><kwd>коллективная безопасность</kwd><kwd>второй фронт</kwd><kwd>ленд-лиз</kwd><kwd>Вторая мировая война</kwd><kwd>политика «умиротворения»</kwd><kwd>послевоенный мировой порядок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anti-Hitler coalition</kwd><kwd>collective security</kwd><kwd>the second front</kwd><kwd>Lend-Lease</kwd><kwd>World War II</kwd><kwd>appeasement</kwd><kwd>post-war world order</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антигитлеровская коалиция — 1939. Формула провала. 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