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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-45-84</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-50</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>У ИСТОКОВ БИПОЛЯРНОГО ПОРЯДКА: УРОКИ ВТОРОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE ORIGINS OF THE BIPOLAR WORLD ORDER: LESSONS OF WORLD WAR II</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Уроки войны» и стратегическое планирование держав «большой тройки» (1945–1949)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lessons of World War II and Strategic Planning of the Big Three (1945–1949)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магадеев</surname><given-names>И. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magadeev</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магадеев Искандэр Эдуардович — кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры истории и политики стран Европы и Америки факультета международных отношений</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iskander E. Magadeev — PhD (History), Associate Professor at the Department of European and American Studies, School of International Relations</p><p>76 Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iskander2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/50">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/50</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен подробный анализ, как в условиях постепенной кристаллизации биполярного порядка военные и политики СССР, США и Великобритании оценивали итоги завершившегося глобального конфликта; на какие сценарии и прогнозы опирались в ходе своего стратегического планирования; считали ли уроки Второй мировой войны устаревшими ввиду появления атомной бомбы. Автор подчеркивает специфику периода 1945–1949 гг.: влияние еще очень свежего опыта беспрецедентных по масштабу и разрушительности боевых действий, наличие американской атомной монополии и отсутствие системы классического ядерного сдерживания. В статье проводится сравнительный анализ оценок «уроков войны» в Москве, Вашингтоне и Лондоне, направленный на демонстрацию их сходства и различий. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что прошедший конфликт, представший прообразом эвентуальной «большой войны» в будущем, рассматривался в трех столицах как образец «тотальной войны» практически глобального масштаба, как конфликт, требовавший тщательной подготовки еще в мирный период и милитаризации гражданской жизни. Реальное стратегическое планирование СССР, США и Великобритании находилось под серьезным влиянием сценариев Второй мировой войны. В Москве готовились отразить агрессию на западных рубежах или на Дальнем Востоке, желая не допустить ошибок периода «Барбароссы». В Вашингтоне признавали конвенциальное превосходство Советского Союза в Старом Свете, не исключая того, что Советская армия займет Западную Европу, которая лишь затем будет отвоевана американцами и их союзниками в духе операции «Оверлорд». В Лондоне шансы на оборону по Рейну рассматривали как слабые, а базовый сценарий строили на эвакуации войск на Британские острова («тень Дюнкерка») и на масштабных стратегических бомбардировках национальной территории СССР и подконтрольных ему стран. Даже «ядерный фактор», вносивший очевидную новизну в стратегическую ситуацию послевоенного периода, играл пока меньшую роль, чем на дальнейших этапах «холодной войны». Тень Второй мировой войны и ее уроки давали о себе знать много позже 1945 г.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper examines how military and political leaders of the Soviet Union, the United States and Great Britain assessed in the ﬁrst post-war years and in the face of emerging bipolar world order the lessons of World War II, how the latter inﬂuenced their strategic planning and forecasts with the emergence of nuclear weapons. The author outlines the key features of this period (1945–1949), including still fresh memories of the unprecedented destruction and losses of the past war, the US ‘nuclear monopoly’, and the absence of a system for nuclear deterrence. The paper provides a systematic comparison of lessons from the past war, learnt by the Soviet, the US and British establishment, identiﬁes similarities and diﬀerences between them. The author concludes that WWII was perceived by the political and military leaders of that time as a model of the eventual ‘great war’ in the future, which almost certainly would be ‘total’ and ‘global’ in scope and would demand both thorough preparations during the peacetime and the militarization of civil life. Indeed, the experience of WWII had greatly inﬂuenced the strategic and operational planning in the USSR, the USA and Great Britain in 1945–1949. Moscow prepared to face the potential aggression on its Western borders or in the Far East in order to avoid the mistakes of 1941. In Washington the decisionmakers acknowledged the Soviet superiority in conventional weapons and didn’t exclude the possibility that the Soviet Army could quickly establish control over the Western Europe and that the US military would have to retake it in a ‘new Operation Overlord’. The pessimistic outlook of the ‘defense of the Rhine’ was also shared in London, and the British military planned to evacuate the troops to the British Isles (‘shadow of Dunkirk’) and to focus on strategic bombing of the USSR and its allies. Even the appearance of nuclear weapons, that would dramatically alter the strategic context in the following years, played a relatively minor role in 1945–1949. The author concludes that the shadow of World War II and its lessons had a long-lasting eﬀect on the post-war international relations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Вторая мировая война</kwd><kwd>СССР</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Великобритания</kwd><kwd>стратегическое планирование</kwd><kwd>военная стратегия</kwd><kwd>тотальная война</kwd><kwd>ядерное сдерживание</kwd><kwd>уроки войны</kwd><kwd>«холодная война»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>World War II</kwd><kwd>the Soviet Union</kwd><kwd>the United States</kwd><kwd>Great Britain</kwd><kwd>strategic planning</kwd><kwd>lessons of war</kwd><kwd>military strategy</kwd><kwd>the Cold War</kwd><kwd>total war</kwd><kwd>nuclear deterrence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балуевский Ю.Н. 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