fmpВестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политикаLomonosov World Politics Journal2076-7404Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносоваfmp-57Research ArticleИДЕОЛОГИЯ И ВНЕШНЯЯ ПОЛИТИКАIDEOLOGY AND FOREIGN POLICYДискуссия в США и Великобритании о состоянии и перспективах особых отношенийThe Present and the Future of the Special Relationship: The Debate in the United States and the United KingdomМамедоваА. О.MamedovaA. O.

Мамедова Анастасия Октаевна — преподаватель 

119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76

Anastasiya O. Mamedova — Lecturer at the School of International Relations

mamedova.a.o@my.mgimo.ruФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации»РоссияMoscow State Institute of International Relations (University)Russian Federation2018261120201023360Copyright © Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, 20202020Московский государственный университет имени М.В.ЛомоносоваМосковский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносоваhttps://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/57

На протяжении десятилетий после окончания Второй мировой войны отношения между США и Великобританией, хотя и переживали взлеты и падения, в целом отличались беспрецедентно высоким уровнем взаимного доверия и сотрудничества. Для обозначения этого феномена в официальном и академическом дискурсах утвердился термин «особые отношения». В постбиполярный период внешняя политика Э. Блэра, казалось, открыла для них «второе дыхание». Вместе с тем ее спорные результаты, а также ряд событий 2010-х годов сделали необходимым переосмысление значимости этого союза. Более того, запуск процедуры выхода Великобритании из ЕС после победы сторонников Брексита на референдуме 2016 г., а также демонстративное стремление нового американского президента Д. Трампа пересмотреть принципы взаимодействия США с европейскими союзниками привели к распространению скептических оценок возможности сохранения особых англо-американских отношений. В данной статье предпринята попытка проанализировать их современное состояние и перспективы развития. В первой части на основе широкого массива научной литературы изучены основные подходы к определению сути особых отношений, причины их складывания, роль и значение для каждой из сторон. Автор солидаризируется с теми исследователями, которые связывают устойчивость американо-британского сотрудничества с высоким уровнем его институционализации в военной и разведывательной областях, а также в сфере ядерных технологий. Во второй части подробно рассмотрены дискуссия среди политиков и экспертов в 2010-х годах относительно состояния и перспектив особых англоамериканских отношений, а также реакция на нее в СМИ. Особое внимание уделено докладам о состоянии американо-британских отношений, подготовленным Комитетом по международным делам палаты общин британского парламента, а также докладу сэра Джона Чилкота об обстоятельствах вступления Великобритании в войну в Ираке в 2003 г. Обращаясь к анализу американо-британских отношений на современном этапе, автор отмечает беспокойство США в связи с возможностью снижения британского военного потенциала, вступлением Великобритании в Азиатский банк инфраструктурных инвестиций и выходом ее из ЕС. В то же время автор заключает, что в ближайшие годы этот беспрецедентно устойчивый союз не утратит своего значения для обеих стран. Несмотря на спекуляции по поводу сокращения могущества Великобритании, США нуждаются в ее политическом, военном и разведывательном потенциале для проецирования силы в ключевых регионах мира.

Since World War II U.S.–UK relations, despite occasional ups and downs, have been characterized by an unprecedented level of mutual trust and cooperation. The official and academic discourse adopted the phrase ‘the special relationship’ to describe this phenomenon. In the post-Cold War period, Tony Blair’s foreign policy apparently gave it a new impetus. Nevertheless, its controversial results along with certain developments in the 2010s have called for a reassessment of the alliance. Moreover, skepticism has been growing about the future of the Anglo-American Special Relationship (AASR) since the start of the Brexit talks after the 2016 EU membership referendum and the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States, given his determination to review the principles underpinning U.S. cooperation with its European allies. The paper examines the current state and the future of the AASR. Based on a large body of academic literature, the first section focuses on the main approaches to defining the special relationship and determining the reasons behind its emergence as well as its role and importance for both countries. The author aligns herself with those researchers who attribute the durability of Anglo-American cooperation to the high level of institutionalization in the defense, intelligence and nuclear spheres. The second section examines the expert and political discourse on the current state and the future of the AASR in the 2010s as well as its media coverage. Particular attention is paid to the House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee’s reports on UK–U.S. relations and the Report of the Iraq Inquiry (Chilcot report). As for the current state of the special relationship, the author stresses that the potential decrease in British military capabilities, Britain’s joining the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and Brexit have caused concern in the U.S., but this unique and enduring alliance will remain important for both countries in the coming years. Despite some speculations on the UK’s diminishing power, the United States needs its military and intelligence capabilities as well as diplomacy to project power in the key regions of the world.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.