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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fmp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского Университета. Серия XXV. Международные отношения и мировая политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lomonosov World Politics Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-7404</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fmp-6</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ И ВНЕШНЕЙ ПОЛИТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От европейской к мировой: динамика «тотализации» и «глобализации» войны в сентябре 1939 г. — декабре 1941 г.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From European to World War: Dynamics of  ‘Totalization’ and ‘Globalization’ of the Warfare in September 1939 — December 1941</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магадеев</surname><given-names>И. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magadeev</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магадеев Искандэр Эдуардович — кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры истории и политики стран Европы и Америки факультета международных отношений</p><p>119454, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iskander E. Magadeev — PhD (History), Associate Professor, Department of European and American Studies, School of International Relations</p><p>76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iskander2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Магадеев И.Э., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Магадеев И.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Magadeev I.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/6">https://fmp.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/6</self-uri><abstract><p>В центре внимания автора статьи — внутренняя динамика и характерные черты развития боевых действий и общей стратегической ситуации в период Второй мировой войны, начиная с германской агрессии против Польши и заканчивая срывом «Барбароссы» и прямым вступлением США в конфликт. В качестве ключевых аналитических инструментов для выявления особенностей периода с сентября 1939 г. по декабрь 1941 г. автор использует концепции «тотализации» и «глобализации» вооруженного конфликта великих держав. Для операционализации указанных понятий используются по три ключевых параметра. В случае «тотализации» это: 1) сроки ведения войны (короткая vs длительная война); 2) степень перевода экономик ведущих государств на военные рельсы; 3) характер средств и методов ведения боевых действий и применения иных форм насилия; в случае «глобализации» — 1) географический размах; 2) количество участников и роль нейтральных стран; 3) степень сворачивания многополярной модели международных отношений до своеобразной «биполярности» — противостояния двух коалиций. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что картина развития Второй мировой войны в рассматриваемый период по ряду параметров отличалась от хрестоматийного образа тотального и глобального вооруженного конфликта. Присутствовавшие еще в довоенный период черты «тотализации» (подготовка сторон к длительному противостоянию, усвоение уроков Первой мировой войны о роли экономики в ведении боевых действий, преступные цели нацизма) лишь постепенно разворачивались во времени, а немецкие «блицкриги», как казалось, привели к развитию конфликта по иному сценарию. Заметные изначально тенденции «глобализации» (вовлечение колоний Великобритании и Франции, раннее распространение конфликта на Северную и Восточную Африку, фактор глобальной войны на море) соседствовали с противоположными тенденциями: сохранением официального нейтралитета крупных государств, ожиданиями их возможного посредничества в прекращении боевых действий, неопределенностью относительно итогового состава формировавшихся коалиций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Internal dynamics of the warfare and evolution of the general strategic situation in the period of WWII, limited by the German aggression against Poland, on the one hand, and the failure of ‘Barbarossa’ and the U.S. entry into the war, on the other hand, were not so straightforward, as it is sometimes presented in scholarly accounts. This paper underlines ambivalences, intrinsic to the international and strategic situation between September 1939 and December 1941, focusing on the two interdependent though not identical trends of ‘totalization’ and ‘globalization’ of the warfare. To operationalize these processes the author suggests 3 parameters for each of them. As for ‘totalization’, they are: the duration of the war (a short war versus a long war), the degree of economy militarization, the degree of violence and absence of limitation in the warfare. To describe ‘globalization’ of the war the criteria are as follows: the geographical scale, the number of participants and the relative role and place of neutral powers, and, finally, the degree of the ‘bipolarization’ in the form of the two opposing coalitions. This paper concludes that the picture of WWII during the period under research was not identical to its textbook image of the total and global military conflict. Though the elements of the ‘total war’ were evident even in the pre-war period and included the preparation of the powers for the long struggle, a partial militarization of the economies based on the ‘lessons’ of WWI, and the ideological and criminal aims of Nazism, these elements needed time to take their ‘final’ forms and could not be implemented on a click. Moreover, the unexpected successes of the German ‘blitzkriegs’, as it seemed at the epoch, could turn the war into a series of relatively short military campaigns which didn’t demand the ‘total mobilization’. The same dichotomy was evident in the ‘globalization’ of the warfare: though the war was not only European from the beginning, due to the participation of the British and French colonial empires, due to the extension of the warfare to the North and East Africa and the global nature of the naval warfare, there were significant barriers to its extension to the whole world. Some of the Great Powers — the USSR and the USA, first of all — were officially neutral, there were a lot of expectations of the compromise peace and nobody knew exactly the final composition of the opposing blocs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Вторая мировая война</kwd><kwd>«тотализация»</kwd><kwd>«глобализация»</kwd><kwd>«биполяризация»</kwd><kwd>«блицкриг»</kwd><kwd>Германия</kwd><kwd>СССР</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Великобритания</kwd><kwd>Франция</kwd><kwd>«странная война»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the Second World War</kwd><kwd>‘totalization’</kwd><kwd>‘globalization’</kwd><kwd>‘blitzkrieg’</kwd><kwd>Germany</kwd><kwd>the USSR</kwd><kwd>the USA</kwd><kwd>Great Britain</kwd><kwd>France</kwd><kwd>Phoney war</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Великая Отечественная война 1941–1945 годов: В 12 т. 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